Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is also called hypernephroma, renal adenocarcinoma, or renal
or kidney cancer.
It's the most common kind of kidney cancer found in adults.
The kidneys are organs in your body that help get rid of waste, while also regulating fluid
balance.
There are tiny tubes in the kidneys called tubules.
These help filter the blood, aid in excreting waste, and help make urine.
RCC occurs when cancer cells start growing uncontrollably in the lining of the tubules
of the kidney.
RCC is a fast-growing cancer and often spreads to the lungs and surrounding organs.
Recent advances in surgical and systemic therapies have significantly changed the management
of RCC.
Targeted therapies against the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway have extended
the lives of the patients with advanced disease significantly, with median overall survival
currently exceeding 2 years.
Symptoms of Renal cell carcinoma.
Early on, renal cell carcinoma doesn't usually cause any sign.
As the disease gets more advance, you might have warning signs like:
A lump on your side, belly, or lower back.
Blood in your pee.
Low back pain on one side.
Losing weight for no clear reason.
Lose of appetite.
Fever.
Feeling tired.
Not enough red blood cells (anemia).
Night sweats.
High levels of calcium in your blood.
High blood pressure.
Causes of Renal cell carcinoma.
The exact cause of renal cell carcinoma is not known.
Scientist know that most kidney cancers start when something goes wrong in the genes in
the kidney.
No one can say for certain why that happens.
Several factors can raise your chances of getting the disease, like:
Smoking.
Being very overweight.
Taking a lot of pain medicine, like aspirin, ibuprofen, or acetaminophen, for a long time.
Exposure to certain dyes, asbestos, cadmium (a metal), herbicides, and solvents.
Some inherited conditions, especially von Hippel-Lindau disease.
How Is Renal Cell Carcinoma Diagnosed?
If your doctor suspects that you may have RCC, he will ask about your personal and family
history.
He will then do a physical exam.
Findings that can indicate RCC include swelling or lumps in the abdomen, or, in men, enlarged
veins in the scrotal sac.
If RCC is suspected, your doctor will order a number of tests including:
A complete blood count.
A CT scan.
Abdominal and kidney ultrasounds.
Urine examination.
A biopsy.
Treatments for Renal Cell Carcinoma.
There are five kinds of standard treatments for RCC.
One or more may be used to treat your cancer.
Surgery: Surgery can include different types of procedures.
During a partial nephrectomy, part of the kidney is removed.
During a nephrectomy, the entire kidney may be removed.
Depending on how far the disease has spread, more extensive surgery may be needed to remove
surrounding tissue, lymph nodes, and your adrenal gland.
This is a radical nephrectomy.
If both kidneys are removed, a dialysis or a transplant is necessary.
Radiation: Radiation therapy involves using high-energy X-rays to kill cancer cells.
The radiation can be given externally by a machine, or placed internally using seeds
or wires.
Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill cancer cells.
It can be given orally or intravenously, depending on what medication is chosen.
This allows the drugs to go through the bloodstream and reach cancer cells that may have spread
to other parts of the body.
Biologic therapy: Biologic therapy, also called immunotherapy, works with your immune system
to attack the cancer.
Enzymes or substances made by the body are used to defend your body against the cancer.
Targeted therapy: Targeted therapy is a newer kind of cancer therapy.
Drugs are used to attack certain cancer cells without damaging healthy cells.
Some drugs work on blood vessels to prevent blood flow to the tumor, "starving" and
shrinking it.
Clinical trials: Clinical trials are another option for some patients with RCC.
Clinical trials test new treatments to see if they are effective in treating the disease.
During the trial you will be closely monitored, and you can leave the trial at any time.
Talk with your treatment team to see if a clinical trial is a viable option for you.
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