Doctor who is a British science-fiction television program produced by the BBC
since 1963 the programme depicts the adventures of a Time Lord called the
doctor an extraterrestrial being to all appearances human from the planet
Gallifrey the doctor explores the universe in a time-traveling spaceship
called the TARDIS its exterior appears as a blue British police box which was a
common sight in Britain in 1963 when the series first aired accompanied by a
number of companions the doctor combats a variety of folks while working to save
civilisations and help people in need the show is a significant part of
British popular culture and elsewhere it has gained the cult following it has
influenced generations of British television professionals many of whom
grew up watching the series the programme originally ran from 1963 to
1989 there was an unsuccessful attempt to revive regular production in 1996
with a backdoor pilot in the form of a television film titled Doctor Who the
programme was relaunched in 2005 and since then has been produced in-house by
BBC Wales in Cardiff dr. who has also spawned numerous spin-offs including
comic books films novels audio dramas and the television series Torchwood 2006
to 2011 the Sarah Jane Adventures 2007 to 2011 k9 2009 to 2010 and class 2016
and has been the subject of many parodies and references in popular
culture 13 actors have headlined the series as the doctor the transition from
one actor to another is written into the plot of the show with the concept of
regeneration into a new incarnation a plot device in which a Time Lord
transforms into a new body when the current one is too badly harmed to heal
normally each actor's portrayal is unique but all represent stages in the
lie of the same character together they form
a single lifetime with a single narrative the time-traveling feature of
the plot means the different incarnations of the doctor occasionally
meet the doctor is currently portrayed by journey whitaker who took on the role
after Peter Capaldi's exit in the 2017 Christmas special twice upon a time
doctor who follows The Adventures of the title character a rogue Time Lord from
the planet Gallifrey who goes by the name the doctor the doctor fled
Gallifrey in a stolen TARDIS time and relative dimension in space a time
machine that travels by materializing into Andy materializing out of the time
vortex the TARDIS has a vast interior but appears smaller on the outside and
is equipped with a chameleon circuit intended to make the Machine take on the
appearance of local objects as a disguise due to a malfunction the
doctors TARDIS remains fixed as a blue British police box across time and space
the doctors many incarnations often find events that pique their curiosity and
try to prevent evil forces from harming innocent people or changing history
using only ingenuity and minimal resources such as the versatile sonic
screwdriver the doctor early travels alone and often brings one or more
companions to share these adventures these companions are usually humans
going to the doctor's fascination with planet Earth which also leads to
frequent collaborations with the International military task force unit
when the earth is threatened the doctor is centuries old and as a Time Lord has
the ability to regenerate in case of mortal damage to the body taking on the
new appearance and personality the doctor has gained numerous reoccurring
enemies during their travels including the Daleks the Cybermen and the master
another renegade Time Lord doctor who first appeared on BBC TV at 1716 and 20
seconds GMT on Saturday the 23rd of November 1963 this was 80 seconds later
than the scheduled program time due to the assassination of John F Kennedy the
previous day it was to be a regular weekly programme
each episode 25 minutes of transmission length discussions and plans for the
program had been in progress for a year the head of drama Sydney Newman was
mainly responsible for developing the program with the first format document
for the series being written by Newman along with the head of the script
department later head of serials Donald Wilson and staff writer C Weber writer
Antony Coburn story editor David Whittaker and initial producer Verity
Lambert also heavily contributed to the development of the series the program
was originally intended to appeal to a family audience as an educational
program using time travel as a means to explore scientific ideas and famous
moments in history on the 31st of July 1963 Whittaker commissioned Terry nation
to write a story under the title the mutants as originally written the Daleks
and Charles were the victims of an alien neutron bomb attack but nation later
dropped the aliens and made the Daleks the aggressors when the script was
presented to Newman and Wilson it was immediately rejected as the program was
not permitted to contain any bug-eyed monsters according to producer Verity
Lambert we didn't have a lot of choice we only had the Dalek serial to go we
had a bit of a crisis of confidence because Donald Wilson was so adamant
that we shouldn't make it had we had anything else ready we would have made
that nation's script became the second Doctor Who serial the Daleks also known
as the mutants the serial introduced the eponymous aliens that would become the
series most popular monsters and was responsible for the BBC's first
merchandising boom the BBC drama departments serials division produced
the program for 26 seasons broadcast on BBC one falling viewing numbers a
decline in the public perception of the show and a less prominent transmission
slots or productions suspended in 1989 by Jonathan Powell controller of BBC one
although it was effectively cancelled with the decision not to Commission a
plan 27th series of the show for transmission in 1990 the BBC repeatedly
affirmed that the series would return while
in-house production had ceased the BBC hoped to find an independent production
company to relaunch the show Philip Segal a British expatriates who
worked for Columbia Pictures Television arm in the United States had approached
the BBC about such a venture as early as July 1989 while the 26th series was
still in production Seagal negotiations eventually led to a Doctor Who
television film broadcast on the Fox Network in 1996 as an international
co-production between Fox Universal Pictures the BBC and BBC Worldwide
although the film was successful in the UK with 9.1 million viewers it was less
so in the United States and did not lead to a series licensed media such as
novels and audio plays provided news stories but as a television programme
Doctor Who remained dormant until 2003 in September of that year BBC television
announced the in-house production of a new series after several years of
attempts by BBC Worldwide to find backing for a feature film version the
executive producers of the new incarnation of the series were writer
Russell T Davis and BBC Camry Wales head of drama Julie Gardner doctor who
finally returned with the episode Rose on BBC one on the 26th of March 2005
there have since been 10 further series in 2006 to 2008 2010 to 2015 and 2017 to
2018 and Christmas stay specials every year since 2005 no fall series was
broadcast in 2009 although four additional special starring David
Tennant were made Davis left the show in 2010 after the end of series four and
the David Tennant specials were completed Steven Moffat a writer under
Davis was announced as Davis successor along with Matt Smith as the new doctor
in January 2016 Moffat announced that he would step down after the 2017 finale to
be replaced by Chris Chibnall in 2018 the tenth series debuted in April
17 with a Christmas special preceding it in 2016 the 2005 version of Doctor Who
is a direct plot continuation of the original 1963 to 1989 series note 2 and
the 1996 telefilm this is similar to the 1988 continuation of Mission Impossible
but differs from most other series relaunches which have either been
reboots for example Battlestar Galactica and
Bionic Woman or set in the same universe as the original but in a different time
period and with different characters for example Star Trek The Next Generation
and spin-offs the program has been sold to many other countries worldwide it has
been claimed that the transmission of the first episode was delayed by 10
minutes due to extended news coverage of the assassination of US President John F
Kennedy the previous day in fact it went out after a delay of 80 seconds the BBC
believed that many viewers had missed this introduction to a new series due to
the coverage of the assassination as well as a series of power blackouts
across the country and they broadcast it again on the 30th of November 1963 just
before episode 2 the program soon became a national institution in the United
Kingdom with a large following among the general viewing audience many renowned
actors asked for or were offered guest starring roles in various stories with
popularity came controversy over the show's suitability for children morality
campaigner Mary Whitehouse repeatedly complained to the BBC in the 1970s over
what she saw as the show's frightening and gory content John nathan-turner
produced the series during the 1980s and was heard to say that he looked forward
to White House's comments as the show's ratings would increase soon after she
had made them the phrase hiding behind or watching from behind the sofa entered
British pop culture signifying in humour the stereotypical early series behavior
of children who wanted to avoid seeing frightening parts of a television
programme while remaining in the room to watch the remainder of it the phrase
retains this association with to who to the point that in 1991 the
Museum of the moving image in London named their exhibition celebrating the
program behind the sofa the electronic theme music - was perceived as eerie
novel and frightening at the time a 2012 article placed this childhood
juxtaposition of fear and thrill at the center of many people's relationship
with the show and a 2011 online vote a digital spy deem the series the scariest
TV show of all time during Jon Pertwee's second series as the doctor in the
serial terror of the Autons 1971 images of murderous plastic dolls daffodils
killing unsuspecting victims and blank featured policemen marked the apex of
the show's ability to frighten children other notable moments in that decade
include a disembodied brain falling to the floor in the brain of Morbius and
the doctor apparently being drowned by a villain in the deadly assassin both 1976
the TARDIS prop used from 2010 to 2017 a BBC audience research survey conducted
in 1972 found that by their own definition of violence any act s which
may cause physical and/or psychological injury Kurt or death to persons animals
or property whether intentional or accidental doctor who was the most
violent of the drama programmes the corporation produced at the time the
same report found that 3% of the surveyed audience regarded the show is
very unsuitable for family viewing responding to the findings of the survey
in The Times newspaper journalist Philip Howard maintained that to compare the
violence of Doctor Who sired by a horse laughs out of a nightmare
with the more realistic violence of other television series where actors who
look like human beings bleed paint that looks like blood is like comparing
Monopoly with the property market in London
both are fantasies but one is meant to be taken seriously the image of the
TARDIS has become firmly linked to the show in the public's consciousness BBC
scriptwriter Antony Coburn who lived in the resort of Herne Bay Kent was one of
the people who conceived the idea of the police box as a time machine
in 1996 the BBC applied for a trademark to use the TARDIS blue police box design
in merchandising associated with Doctor Who in 1998 the Metropolitan Police
Authority filed an objection to the trademark claim but in 2002 the Patent
Office ruled in favor of the BBC the programmes broad appeal attracts
audiences of children and families as well as science-fiction fans the 21st
century revival of the programme has become the centerpiece of BBC one
Saturday schedule and has defined the channel since its return doctor who has
consistently received high ratings both in number of viewers and as measured by
the appreciation index in 2007 Caitlin Moran television reviewer for The Times
wrote that Doctor Who is quintessential to being British director Steven
Spielberg has commented that the world would be a poorer place without Doctor
Who on the 4th of August 2013 a live program titled Doctor Who live the next
Doctor was broadcast on BBC one during which the actor who was going to play
the twelfth doctor was revealed the live show was watched by an average of six
point two seven million in the UK and was also simulcast in the United States
Canada and Australia Doctor Who originally ran for 26 seasons on BBC one
from the 23rd of November 1963 until the 6th of December 1989 during the original
run each weekly episode formed part of a story or serial usually a four to six
parts in earlier years and three to four in later years some notable exceptions
were the Daleks master plan which shared 12 episodes plus an earlier 1 episode
teaser mission to the unknown featuring none of the regular cast almost an
entire season of 7 episodes serials season 7 the 10 episode serial the
wargames and the trial of a Time Lord which ran for 14 episodes albeit divided
into three production codes and for narrative segments during season 20
occasionally serials were loosely connected by a story line such as season
8 focusing on the doctor battling a rogue Time Lord called the master season
16 s quest for the key to time season a teens journey through a space and the
theme of entropy and season twenties black Guardian trilogy the program was
intended to be educational and for family viewing on the early Saturday
evening schedule it initially alternated stories set in the past which taught
younger audience members about history and with those in the future or outer
space focusing on science this was also reflected in the doctor's original
companions one of whom was a science teacher and another a history teacher
however science fiction stories came to dominate the program and the history
orientated episodes which were not popular with the production team were
dropped after the highlanders 1967 while the show continued to use historical
settings they were generally used as a backdrop for science fiction tales with
one exception Black Orchid 1982 set in 1920s England
the early stories were serialized in nature with the narrative of one story
flowing into the next and each episode having its own title although produced
as distinct stories with their own production code start following the
gunfighters 1966 however each serial was given its own title and the individual
parts were simply assigned episode numbers of the programs many writers
robert holmes was the most prolific while Douglas Adams became the most well
known outside Doctor Who itself due to the popularity of his Hitchhiker's Guide
to the galaxy works the serial format changed for the 2005 revival with a
series usually consisting of 13 45-minute self-contained episodes 60
minutes with adverts on overseas commercial channels and an extended
60-minute episode broadcast on Christmas Day this system was shortened to 12
episodes and one Christmas special following the revivals eighth series and
10 episodes from eleventh series each series includes
both standalone and multiple episodic stories linked with a loose story arc
that is resolved in the series finale as in the early classic era each episode
whether standalone or part of a larger story has its own title occasionally
regular series episodes will exceed the 45-minute runtime notably the episodes
journey's end from 2008 and the 11th hour from 2010 exceeded an hour in
length 848 Doctor Who installments have been televised since 1963 ranging
between 25-minute episodes the most common format for the classic era 4550
minute episodes for resurrection of the Daleks in the 1984 series a single
season in 1985 and the most common format for the revival era since 2005
two feature-length productions 1983's the five doctors in the 1996 television
film 12 Christmas specials most of 60 minutes duration one of 72 minutes and
four additional specials ranging from 60 to 75 minutes in 2009 2010 and 2013 for
many episodes running about eight minutes each were also produced for the
1993 2005 and 2007 children in need charity appeals while another mini
episode was produced in 2008 for a doctor who themed edition of the Proms
the 1993 two-part story entitled dimensions in time was made in
collaboration with the cast of the BBC soap opera EastEnders and was filmed
partly on the EastEnders set a two-part mini episode was also produced for the
2011 edition of comic relief starting with the 2009 special planet of the Dead
the series was filmed in 1080 i4 HD TV and broadcast simultaneously on BBC One
and BBC HD to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the show a special 3d
episode the day of the doctor was broadcast in 2013 in March 2013
it was announced that Tennant and Piper would be returning and that the episode
would have a limited cinematic release worldwide in April 2015 Steven Moffat
confirmed that dr. who would run for at least another five years extending the
show until 2020 between about 1967 and 1978 large amounts of older material
stored in the BBC's various videotape and film libraries were either destroyed
wiped or suffered from poor storage which led to severe deterioration from
broadcast quality this included many old episodes of Doctor Who mostly stories
featuring the first two doctors William Hartnell and Patrick Troughton in all 97
of 253 episodes produced during the first six years of the program are not
held in the BBC's archives most notably seasons 3 4 & 5 from which 79 episodes
are missing in 1972 almost all episodes then made were known to exist at the BBC
while by 1978 the practice of wiping tapes and destroying spare film copies
had been brought to a stop no nineteen-sixties episodes exist on their
original videotapes all surviving prints being filmed transfers though some were
transferred to film for editing before transmission and exists in their
broadcast form some episodes have been returned to the BBC from the archives of
other countries who bought prints for broadcast or by private individuals who
acquired them by various means early color videotape recordings made off air
by fans have also been retrieved as well as excerpts filmed from the television
screen on to 8 millimetres cine film and clips that were shown on other
programmes audio versions of all of the lost episodes exist from home viewers
who may taped recordings of the show short clips from every story with the
exception of Marco Polo 1964 mission to the unknown 1965 and the massacre of st.
Bartholomew's Eve 1966 also exists in addition to these
our off-screen photographs made by photographer John Kure who was hired by
various production personnel to document many of their programs during the 1950s
and 1960s including Doctor Who these have been used in fan reconstructions of
the serials these amateur reconstructions have been tolerated by
the BBC provided they are not sold for profit and are distributed as
low-quality VHS copies one of the most sought-after lost episodes is part four
of the last William Hartnell serial the tenth planet 1966 which ends with the
first doctor transforming into the second the only portion of this in
existence barring a few poor quality silent 8 millimetres clips is the few
seconds of the regeneration scene as it was shown on the children's magazine
show Blue Peter with the approval of the BBC efforts are now underway to restore
as many of the episodes as possible from the extant material official
reconstructions have also been released by the BBC on VHS on mp3 cd-rom and as
special features on DVD the BBC in conjunction with animation studio
cosgrove Hall reconstructed the missing episodes one and four of the invasion
1968 using remastered audio tracks and the comprehensive stage notes for the
original filming for the serials DVD release in November 2006 the missing
episodes of the reign of terror were animated by animation company theta
Sigma in collaboration with Big Finish and became available for purchase in May
2013 through amazon.com subsequent animations made in 2013 include the
tenth planet the Ice Warriors 1967 and the moon base 1967 in April 2006 Blue
Peter launched a challenge to find missing Doctor Who episodes with the
promise of a full-scale Dalek model as a reward in December 2011 it was announced
that part three of galaxy for 1965 and part two of the underwater Menace 1967
had been returned to the BBC by a fan who had purchased them
in the mid-1980s without realising that the BBC did not hold copies of them on
the 10th of October 2013 the BBC announced that films of 11 episodes
including nine missing episodes have been found in a Nigerian television
relay station in Joseph six of the 11 films discovered were the six-part
serial the enemy of the world 1968 from which all but the third episode had been
missing the remaining films were from another six-part serial the web of fear
1968 and included the previously missing episodes two four five and six episode 3
of the web of fear is still missing the doctor was initially shrouded in mystery
in the program's early days the character was an eccentric alien
traveler of great intelligence who battled injustice while exploring time
and space in an unreliable time machine the TARDIS an acronym for time and
relative dimension in space which notably appears much larger on the
inside than on the outside the quality referred to as dimensional transcendent
allottee note for the initially irascible and slightly sinister doctor
quickly mellowed into a more compassionate figure and was eventually
revealed to be a Time Lord from the planet Gallifrey which the doctor fled
by stealing the TARDIS producers introduced the concept of regeneration
to permit the recasting of the main character this was prompted by the poor
health of the original star William Hartnell the term regeneration was not
conceived until the doctor's third on-screen regeneration Hartnell's doctor
merely described undergoing a renewal and the second doctor underwent a change
of appearance the device has allowed for the recasting of the actor various times
in the show's history as well as the depiction of alternative doctors either
from the doctors relative past or future citation needed the serials the deadly
assassin 1976 and Mordor in undead 1983 established that a Time Lord can only
regenerate 12 times for a total of 13 incarnations
this line became stuck in the public consciousness despite not often being
repeated and was recognized by producers of the show as a plot obstacle for when
the show finally had to regenerate the doctor a 13th time the episode the time
of the doctor 2013 depicted the doctor requiring a new cycle of regenerations
starting from the 12th doctor due to the 11th doctor being the product of the
doctors twelfth regeneration from his original set although the idea of
casting a woman as the doctor had been suggested by the show's writers several
times including by Newman in 1986 and Davis in 2008 until 2017 all official
depictions were played by men Jodie Whittaker took over the role as the
thirteenth doctor at the end of the 2017 Christmas special and is the first woman
to be cast as the character Whittaker had previously starred in television
series such as return to Cranford broadchurch alongside David Tennant
tenth doctor and the dystopian anthology black mirror the show introduced the
Time Lords ability to change sexes on regeneration in earlier episodes first
in dialogue then with Michelle Gomez's version of the master William Hartnell
first doctor 1963 66 Patrick Troughton second doctor 1966 69 Jon Pertwee third
doctor 1970 74 Tom Baker fourth doctor 1974 81 Peter Davison fifth doctor 1982
84 Colin Baker 6 dr. 1984 86 Sylvester McCoy 7th doctor 1987 89 Paul McGann 8th
doctor 1996 Christopher Eccleston 9th doctor 2005 David Tennant 10th doctor
2005 10 matt smith 11th doctor 2010 13 Peter Capaldi 12th doctor 2014 17 Jodie
Whittaker 13th doctor 2018 present in addition to those actors who have
headlined the series others have portrayed versions of the doctor in
guest role notably in 2013 John Hurt guest-starred
as a hitherto unknown incarnation of the doctor known as the war doctor in the
run-up to the show's 50th anniversary special the day of the doctor he is
shown in many episode the night of the doctor retro actively inserted into the
show's fictional chronology between wagon and Eccleston's doctors although
his introduction was written so as not to disturb the established numerical
naming of the doctors another example is from the 1986 serial the trial of a Time
Lord where Michael jstand portrayed the valley odd who is described as an
amalgamation of the darker sides of the doctors nature somewhere between the
12th and final incarnation on rare occasions other actors have stood in for
the lead in the five doctors Richard Hearn will played the first doctor due
to William Hartnell's death in 1975 34 years later David Bradley similarly
replaced Hartnell in twice upon a time in time and the Rani Sylvester McCoy
briefly played the Sixth Doctor during the regeneration sequence carrying on as
the seventh for more information see the list of actors who have played the
doctor in other media the doctor has been played by various other actors
including Peter Cushing in two films the casting of a new doctor has often
inspired debate and speculation common topics of focus include the doctors sex
prior to the casting of Whitaker all official incarnations were male race all
doctors to date have been white and aged the youngest actor to be cast is Smith
at 26 and the oldest are Capaldi and Hartnell both 55 there have been
instances of actors returning at later dates to reprise the role of their
specific doctor in 1973's the three doctors William Hartnell and Patrick
Troughton returned alongside John Pertwee for 1983's the five doctors
Trouten and pertwee returned to star with Peter Davison and Tom Baker
appeared in previously unseen footage from the uncompleted shado episode for
this episode Richard Handel replaced William Hartnell
Patrick Troughton again returned in 1985 s the two doctors with Colin Baker in
2007 Peter Davison returned in the children in each short time crash
alongside David Tennant and in 2013 s 50th anniversary special episode the day
of the dr. David Tennant's tenth doctor appeared alongside Matt Smith as the
eleventh Doctor and John Hurt as the war doctor as well as brief footage from all
of the previous sectors in 2017 the first doctor this time portrayed by
David Bradley returned alongside Peter Capaldi in the doctor Falls and twice
upon a time both 2017 in the name of the doctor 2013 the eleventh Doctor meets a
previously unseen incarnation of himself subsequently revealed to be the war
doctor additionally multiple incarnations of the doctor have met in
various audio dramas and novels based on the television show throughout the
program's long history there have been revelations about the doctor that have
raised additional questions in the brain of Morbius 1976 it was hinted that the
first doctor might not have been the first incarnation although the other
faces depicted might have been incarnations of the Time Lord
Morbius in subsequent stories the first doctor was depicted as the earliest
incarnation of the doctor in modern Undead
1983 the fifth doctor explicitly confirmed that he was then currently in
his fifth incarnation later that same year during 1983 s 20th anniversary
special the five doctors the first doctor inquires as to the fifth doctor's
regeneration when the fifth doctor confirms fourth the first doctor
excitedly replies goodness me so there are five of me now
in 2010 the eleventh Doctor similarly calls himself the eleventh in the larger
in the 2013 episode the time of the doctor the eleventh doctor clarified he
was the product of the twelfth regeneration due to a previous
incarnation which he chose not to count and one other aborted regeneration the
name eleventh is still used for this incarnation
the same episode depicts the prophesied fall of the eleventh which had been
trailed throughout the series during the seventh doctor's era it was hinted that
the doctor was more than just an ordinary Time Lord in the 1996
television film the Eighth Doctor describes himself as being half-human
the BBC's FAQ for the program notes that purists tend to disregard this instead
focusing on his Gallifreyan heritage the program's first serial an unearthly
child shows that the doctor has a granddaughter Susan Foreman in the 1967
serial tomb of the Cybermen when Victoria water-filled doubts the doctor
can remember his family because of being so ancient the doctor says that he can
when he really wants to the rest of the time they sleep in my mind the 2005
series reveals that the ninth doctor thought he was the last surviving Time
Lord and that his home planet had been destroyed in the empty child 2005 dr.
Constantine states that before the war even began I was a father and a
grandfather now I am neither the doctor remarks in response yeah I know the
feeling in Smith and Jones 2007 when asked if he
had a brother he replied no not anymore in both Fiera 2006 and the doctor's
daughter 2008 he states that he had in the past being a father in the wedding
of River Song 2011 it is implied that the doctors true
name is a secret that must never be revealed this is explored further in the
name of the doctor 2013 when River Song speaking his name allows the great
intelligence to enter his tomb and in the time of the doctor 2013 we're
speaking his true name becomes the signal by which the Time Lords would
know they can safely return to the universe the companion figure generally
a human has been a constant feature in Doctor Who since the program's inception
in 1963 one of the roles of the companion is to be a reminder for the
doctors moral duty 97 the doctor's first companions seen on-screen where his
granddaughter Susan Foreman Carolyn Ford and her teachers Barbara
Wright Jacqueline Hill and Ian Chesterton
William Russell these characters were intended to act as audience surrogates
through which the audience would discover information about the doctor
who was to act as a mysterious father figure 97 the only story from the
original series in which the doctor travels alone is the deadly assassin
1976 notable companions from the earlier series included Romana
Mary tammand Lalla Ward a time Lady Sarah Jane Smith Elisabeth Sladen and
Joe Grant Katie Manning dramatically these characters provide a figure with
whom the audience can identify and serve to further the story by requesting
exposition from the doctor and manufacturing peril for the doctor to
resolve the doctor regularly gains new companions and loses old ones sometimes
they return home or find new causes or loves on worlds they have visited some
have died during the course of the series companions are usually human or
humanoid aliens since the 2005 revival the doctor generally travels with a
primary female companion who occupies a larger narrative role Steven Moffat
described the companion as the main character of the show as the story
begins anew with each companion and she undergoes more change than the doctor
9899 the primary companions of the ninth and tenth doctors were Rose Tyler Billie
Piper Martha Jones prima Waggaman and Donna Noble Catherine Tate with Mickey
Smith Noel Clarke and Jack Harkness John Barrowman recurring as secondary
companion figures 100 the eleventh Doctor became the first to travel with a
married couple Amy Pond Karen Gillan's and Rory Williams Arthur Darvill whilst
out of sync meetings with River Song Alex Kingston and Clara Oswald Jenna
Coleman provided ongoing story arcs the 10th series introduced pearl Mackay as
Bill Potts the doctor's newest travelling companion
101 bill pots is the doctor's first openly gay companion pearl Mackey said
that the increased representation for LGBTQ people is important on a
mainstream show 102 some companions have gone on to reappear either in the main
series or in spin-offs Sarah Jane Smith became the central character in the
Sarah Jane Adventures 2007 11 following a return to Doctor Who in 2006 guest
stars in the series included former companions Joe Grant canine and
Brigadier lethbridge-stewart Nicholas Courtney the character of Jack Harkness
also served to launch a spin-off Torchwood
2006 to 2011 in which Martha Jones also appeared when Sydney Newman commissioned
the series he specifically did not want to perpetuate the cliche of the bug-eyed
monster of science fiction however monsters were popular with
audiences and so became a staple of Doctor Who almost from the beginning
with the show's 2005 revival executive producer Russell T Davis stated his
intention to reintroduce classic icons of Doctor Who the Autons with the
Nestene consciousness and Daleks returned in series 1 Cybermen in series
2 the Macra and the master in series 3 the Sontarans and Davros in series 4 and
the Time Lords including Rassilon in the 2009 10 specials Davis successor Steven
Moffat has continued the trend by reviving the Silurians in series 5
cybermats in series 6 the great intelligence and the Ice Warriors in
series 7 and Zygons in the 50th anniversary special since its 2005
return the series has also introduced new recurring aliens Slitheen
rexicoricophalvitorius food Judoon weeping angels and the silence
besides infrequent appearances by enemies such as the Ice Warriors ogron's
the Rani and black Guardian three adversaries have become particularly
iconic the Daleks the Cybermen and the Master
Daleks the Dalek race which first appeared in the show's second serial in
1963 our doctor whose oldest villains the Dalek suckles from the planet Skaro
mutated by the scientist Davros and housed in mechanical armored shells for
mobility the actual creatures resemble octopuses with large pronounced brains
their armor shells have a single eye stalk a sink plunger like device that
serves the purpose of a hand and a directed-energy weapon their main
weakness is their eye stalk attacks upon them using various weapons can blind a
Dalek making it go mad their chief role in the series plot as they frequently
remarked in their instantly recognisable metallic voices is to exterminate all
non Dalek beings they even attack the Time Lords in the time war as shown
during the 50th anniversary of the show they continue to be a recurring Monster
within the Doctor Who franchise their most recent appearances being in the
2015 episodes the witch's familiar and hell-bent Davros has also been a
recurring figure since his debut in Genesis of the Daleks all know played by
several different actors the Daleks were created by writer Terry nation who
intended them to be an allegory of the Nazis and BBC designer Raymond kusik the
Daleks debut in the program's second serial the Daleks 1963-64 made both the
Daleks and doctor him very popular a Dalek appeared on a postage stamp
celebrating British popular culture in 1999 photographed by Lord Snowdon in
victory of the Daleks a new set of Daleks were introduced that come in a
range of colours the color denoting its role within the species Cybermen
Cybermen were originally a wholly organic species of humanoids originating
on Earth's twin planet Mundus that began to implant more and more artificial
parts into their bodies this led to the race becoming coldly logical and
calculating cyborgs with emotions usually only shown when naked aggression
was called for with the demise of Mundus they acquired tell
as their new home planet they continue to be a recurring monster within the
Doctor Who franchise the 2006 series introduced a totally new variation of
Cybermen these cyber Cybermen were created in a parallel universe by the
mad inventor john lumic he was attempting to preserve the humans
by transplanting their brains into powerful metal bodies sending them
orders using a mobile phone network and inhibiting their emotions with an
electronic chip the master the master is the doctor's archenemy a renegade Time
Lord who desires to rule the universe conceived as Professor Moriarty to the
doctors Sherlock Holmes one hundred and tenth the character first appeared in
1971 as with the doctor the role has been portrayed by several actors since
the master is a Time Lord as well and able to regenerate the first of these
actors was Roger Delgado who continued in the role until his death in 1973 the
master was briefly played by Peter Pratt and Geoffrey Bevers until Anthony Ainley
took over and continued to play the character until doctor whose hiatus in
1989 the master returned in the 1996 television movie of Doctor Who and was
played by American actor Eric Roberts following the series revival in 2005
derek jacobi provided the character's reintroduction in the 2007 episode
utopia during that story the role was then assumed by John Simm who returned
to the role multiple times through the tenth doctors tenure 111 as of the 2014
episode dark water it was revealed that the master had become a female
incarnation or time lady going by the name of Missy short for mistress the
feminine equivalent of master this incarnation is played by Michelle Gomez
John Simm returned in his role as the master in the tenth series the Doctor
Who theme music was one of the first electronic music signature tunes for
television and after more than a half-century remains one of the most
easily recognized the original theme was composed by Ron Greiner and realized by
Delia Derbyshire of BBC radio phonic workshop with
assistance from dick Mills and was released as a single on deck of F 11,000
837 in 1964 the various huts were built up using musique concrète techniques by
creating tape loops of an individually struck piano string and individual test
oscillators and filters the derbyshire arrangement served with minor edits as
the theme tune up to the end of season 17 1979-80 it is regarded as a
significant and innovative piece of electronic music recorded well before
the availability of commercial synthesizers or multitrack mixers each
note was individually created by cutting splicing speeding up and slowing down
segments of analog tape containing recordings of a single plucked string
white noise and the simple harmonic wave forms of test tone oscillators intended
for calibrating equipment and rooms not creating music new techniques were
invented to allow mixing of the music as this was before the era of multitrack
tape machines on hearing the finished result Greiner asked Gees Delia
did I write that although Greiner was willing to give to our be sure the
composer credit it was against BBC policy at the time a different
arrangement was recorded by Peter Howell for season 18 1980 which was in turn
replaced by dominic Glenn's arrangement for the season long serial the trial of
a Time Lord in season 23 1986 keffe McCulloch provided the new
arrangement for the seventh dr. zira which lasted from season 24 1987 until
the series suspension in 1989 American composer John Debney created a new
arrangement of ROM grain as original theme for Doctor Who in 1996 for the
return of the series in 2005 Murray gold provided a new arrangement which
featured samples from the 1963 original with further elements added in the 2005
Christmas episode the Christmas invasion a new arrangement of the theme once
again by gold was introduced in the 2007 Christmas
special episode voyage of the Damned gold returned as composer for the 2010
series he was responsible for a new version of the theme which was reported
to have had a hostile reception from some viewers . in 2011 the theme do you
in charted at number 228 of radio station classic FM's Hall of Fame a
survey of classical music tastes a revised version of gold's 2010
arrangement had its debut over the opening titles of the 2012 Christmas
special the snowmen and a further revision of the arrangement was made for
the 50th anniversary special the day of the doctor in November 2013 versions of
the Doctor Who theme have also been released as pop music over the years in
the early 1970s Jon Pertwee who had played the third doctor recorded a
version of the Doctor Who theme with spoken lyrics titled
who is the doctor in 1978 a disco version of the theme was released in the
UK Denmark and Australia by the group mankind which reached number 24 in the
UK charts in 1988 the band the justified ancients of mumu later known as the klf
released the single doctoring the TARDIS under the name the Time Lords which
reached number one in the UK and number two in Australia this version
incorporated several other songs including Rock and Roll Park too by Gary
Glitter who recorded vocals for some of the CD single remixed versions of
doctoring the TARDIS others who have covered or interpreted the theme include
orbital Pink Floyd the Australian string ensemble for play New Zealand punk band
plan blam blam The Pogues Thin Lizzy dub Syndicate and the comedian's Bill Bailey
and Mitch Penn both the theme and obsessive fans were satirized on the
chasers war on everything the theme tune has also appeared on many compilation
CDs and has made its way into mobile phone ringtones fans have also produced
and distributed their own remixes of the theme in January 2011 the mankind
version was released as a digital download
the album Gallifrey and beyond on the 26th of June 2018 producer Chris
Chibnall announced that the musical score for series 11 would be provided by
Royal Birmingham Conservatoire alumnus Saguna canola United Kingdom the image
of the TARDIS is iconic in British popular culture premiering the day after
the assassination of John F Kennedy the first episode of Doctor Who was repeated
with the second episode the following week doctor who has always appeared
initially on the BBC's mainstream BBC one channel where it is regarded as a
family show drawing audiences of many millions of viewers episodes were also
repeated on BBC three before it's transitioned to an online-only Channel
the program's popularity has waxed and waned over the decades with three
notable periods of high ratings the first of these was the Dalek mania
period circa 1964 to 1965 when the popularity of the Daleks regularly
brought Doctor Who ratings of between nine and fourteen million even four
stories which did not feature them the second was the mid to late 1970s when
Tom Baker occasionally drew audiences of over 12 million an audience survey
during the 1970s revealed that at the time 60% of the viewership were adults
citation needed during the ITV Network strike of 1979 viewership peaked at 16
million citation needed figures remained respectable into the 1980s but fell
noticeably after the program's 23rd series was postponed in 1985 and the
show was off the air for 18 months at the time of season 19 s broadcast in
1982 the show was being watched by a global audience of 98 million 88 million
in 38 foreign countries and an average of 10 million in the United Kingdom it's
late 1980s performance of three to five million viewers was seen as poor at the
time and was according to the BBC Board of Control a leading cause of the
programmes 1989 suspension some fans consider this disingenuous
since the program was scheduled against the soap opera Coronation Street the
most popular show at the time during tenants run the third notable period of
high ratings the show had consistently high viewership with the Christmas
specials regularly attracting over 10 million the BBC one broadcast of Rose
the first episode of the 2005 revival drew an average audience of 10 point 8 1
million third highest for BBC one that weakens 7th across all channels the
current revival also Ghana's the highest audience appreciation index of any drama
non television international map of countries that have
all currently broadcast Doctor Who in either its current or classic
incarnation map characters of October 2014 doctor who has been broadcast
internationally outside of the United Kingdom since 1964 a year after the show
first aired as of the 1st of January 2013 the modern series has been or is
currently broadcast weekly in more than 50 countries Doctor Who is one of the 5
top grossing titles for BBC Worldwide the BBC's commercial arm BBC Worldwide
CEO John Smith has said that Doctor Who is one of a small number of super brands
which worldwide will promote heavily only four episodes have ever had their
premiere showings on channels other than BBC one the 1983 20th anniversary
special the five doctors had its debut on the 23rd of November the actual date
of the anniversary on a number of PBS stations two days prior to its BBC one
broadcast the 1988 story silver nemesis was broadcast with all three episodes
airing back-to-back on TV NZ in New Zealand in November after the first
episode had been shown in the UK but before the final two installments had
aired there finally the 1996 television film premiered on the 12th of May 1996
on set in Edmonton Canada 15 days before the BBC one showing
and two days before it aired on Fox in the United States
Oceania New Zealand was the first country outside the United Kingdom to
screen Doctor Who beginning in September 1964 and continued to screen the series
for many years including the new series from 2005 citation needed in 2018 the
series is aired on Fridays on TV and z2 and on TV NZ on demand on the same
episode as the UK in Australia the show has had a strong fan base since its
inception having been exclusively first-run by the Australian Broadcasting
Corporation ABC since January 1965 see Doctor Who in Australia the ABC has
periodically repeated episodes of note were the weekly screenings of all
available classic episodes starting in 2003 for the show's 40th anniversary and
the week daily screenings of all available revived episodes in 2013 for
the show's 50th anniversary the ABC broadcasts the modern series first run
on abc1 and abc2 Pete's on ABC 2 the ABC also provided partial funding for the
20th anniversary special the five doctors in 1983 Americas the series also
has a fan base in the United States where it was shown in syndication from
the 1970s to the 1990s particularly on PBS stations citation needed TV Ontario
picked up the show in 1976 beginning with the three doctors and aired each
series several years late through to series 24 in 1991 from 1979 to 1981 TV o
airings were bookended by science fiction writer Judith Merrill who would
introduce the episodes and then after the episode concluded tried to place it
in an educational context in keeping with TVO's status as an educational
channel its airing of the talents of wen Chang was canceled as a result of
accusations that the story was racist the story was later broadcast in the
1990s on cable station why TV CBC began showing the series again in 2005 the
series moved to the Canadian cable channel space in 2009 for the Canadian
broadcast Christopher Eccleston recorded special video introductions for each
episode including a trivia question as part of a viewer contest and excerpts
from the Doctor Who Confidential documentary were played over the closing
credits for the broadcast of the Christmas invasion on the 26th of
December 2005 Billie Piper recorded a special video introduction CBC began
airing series 2 on the 9th of October 2006 at 20 hundred hours EP twenty
thirty in Newfoundland and Labrador shortly after that day's CFL
doubleheader on Thanksgiving in most of the country series three began
broadcasting on CBC on the 18th of June 2007 followed by the second Christmas
special the runaway bride at midnight and the Sci Fi Channel began on the 6th
of July 2007 starting with the second Christmas special at 8 p.m. EP followed
by the first episode series 4 aired in the United States on the Sci Fi Channel
now known as sefa beginning in April 2008 it aired on CBC beginning the 19th
of September 2008 although the CBC did not air the voyage of the Damned special
the Canadian cable network space broadcast the next Doctor in March 2009
and all subsequent series and specials Doctor Who films there are two Doctor
Who feature films Doctor Who and the Daleks released in 1965 and Daleks
invasion earth 2150 AD in 1966 both are retellings of existing
television stories specifically the first two Dalek serials the Daleks and
the Dalek invasion of Earth respectively with a larger budget and alterations to
the series concept in these films Peter Cushing plays a human scientist named
Doctor Who who travels with his granddaughter and niece and other
companions in a Time he has invented the crushing version of
the character reappears in both comic strips and a short story the latter
attempting to reconcile the film continuity with that of the series in
addition several planned films were proposed including a sequel the chase
loosely based on the original series story for the cushing doctor plus many
attempted television movie and big-screen productions to revive the
original Doctor Who after the original series was cancelled Paul McGann starred
in the only television film as the eight thin carnation of the doctor after the
film he continued the role in audiobooks and was confirmed as the eighth
incarnation through flashback footage and a mini episode in the 2005 revival
effectively linking the two series and the television movie in 2011 David Yates
announced that he had started work with the BBC on a doctor in film a project
that would take three or more years to complete
Yates indicated that the film would take a different approach to Doctor Who
although the current Doctor Who showrunner Steven Moffat stated later
that any such film would not be a reboot of the series and a film should be made
by the BBC team and star the current TV doctor spin-offs doctor who has appeared
on stage numerous times in the early 1970s
Trevor Martin played the role in Doctor Who and the Daleks in the seven keys to
doomsday in the late 1980s Jon Pertwee and Colin Baker both played the doctor
at different times during the run of a play titled Doctor Who the ultimate
adventure for two performances while Pertwee was ill David banks better known
for playing Cybermen played the doctor other original place have been staged as
amateur productions with other actors playing the doctor while Terry nation
wrote the curse of the Daleks a stage play mounted in the late 1960s but
without the doctor a pilot episode a girl's best friend for a potential
spinoff series k9 and company was aired in 1981 with Elisabeth Sladen reprising
her role as companion Sarah Jane Smith and John Leeson is the voice of k9
but was not picked up as a regular series concept art for an animated
Doctor Who series was produced by animation company Nelvana in the 1980s
but the series was not produced following the success of the 2005 series
produced by Russell T Davies the BBC commissioned Davis to produce a 13-part
spin-off series titled Torchwood an anagram of Doctor Who set in modern-day
Cardiff and investigating alien activities and crime the series debuted
on BBC Three on the 22nd of October 2006 John Barrowman reprised his role of Jack
Harkness from the 2005 series of Doctor Who to other actresses who appeared in
Doctor Who also star in the series Eve Myles as Gwen Cooper who also played the
similarly named servant girl Gwyneth in the 2005 Doctor Who episode the unquiet
dead and now ko Mori who reprised her role as Toshi ko Sato first seen in
aliens of London a second series of Torchwood aired in 2008 for three
episodes the cast was joined by Freema Agyeman reprising her Doctor Who role of
Martha Jones the third series was broadcast from 6 to the 10th of July
2009 and consisted of a single five-part story called children of earth which was
set largely in London a fourth series Torchwood miracle day jointly produced
by BBC Wales BBC Worldwide and the American entertainment company stars
debuted in 2011 the series was predominantly set in the United States
though Wales remained part of the show's setting the Sarah Jane Adventures
starring Elizabeth Sladen who reprised her role as investigative journalist
Sarah Jane Smith was developed by C BBC a special aired on New Year's Day 2007
and the full series began on the 24th of September 2007 a second series followed
in 2008 notable for as noted above featuring the return of Brigadier
lethbridge-stewart a third in 2009 featured a crossover appearance from the
main show by David Tennant as the tenth doctor in 2010 a further such
appearance featured Matt Smith as the 11th doctor alongside former companion
actress Katie Manning reprising her role as Joe Grant a final three story fifth
series was transmitted in autumn 2011 uncompleted due to the death of
Elisabeth Sladen in early 2011 an animated serial the infinite quest aired
alongside the 2007 series of Doctor Who as part of the children's television
series totally Doctor Who the serial featured the voices of series regulars
David Tennant and Freema Agyeman but is not considered part of the 2007 series a
second animated serial dreamland aired in six parts on the BBC red button
service and the official Doctor Who website in 2009 glass featuring students
of coal Hill School was first aired online on BBC three from the 22nd of
October 2016 there's a series of 8 45 minute episodes written by Patrick Ness
Peter Capaldi as the twelfth doctor appears in the show's first episode the
series was picked up by BBC America on the 8th of January 2016 and by BBC one a
day later on the 7th of September 2017 BBC 3 controller Damien Cavanaugh
confirmed that the series had officially been cancelled numerous other spin-off
series have been created not by the BBC but by the respective owners of the
characters and concepts such spin-offs include the novel an audio drama series
faction paradox iris wild thyme and Bernice Summerfield
as well as the made for video series PR OBE the Australian produced television
series k9 which aired a twenty-six episode first season on Disney XD and
the audio spin-off countermeasures
you
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