Here are what you need to know about the alt-right movement!
9 - Its inception in 2010 At its core, the alt-right is a kind of ideology
– and a complex, often self-contradictory ideology. Like most ideologies over the years
that have been historicised, analysed, and criticised, the alt right is not something
that came into existence overnight. The beginnings of the ideology might be difficult
to pin down, but the use for the term "alt-right", however, is quite easy to track. The American
white nationalist Richard Bertrand Spencer founded a website called AlternativeRight.com
in 2010. Despite the fact that Spencer prefers the term "identitarian" over the term
"white nationalism", the publication, as well as Spencer's personal ideas have
an unashamedly white nationalist-like agenda. Spencer advocates for a white homeland for
a "dispossessed white race" and calls for "peaceful ethnic cleansing" to halt the "deconstruction"
of European culture. AlternativeRight.com was used as a platform for these and other
ideas after other, more moderate conservative publications refused to be associated with
Spencer's inflammatory ideas. The very name and history of this website lies at the heart
of one of the most important facets of alt-right philosophy; it is a non-left alternative to
mainstream right-of-centre politics. Spencer and others claim that the term "alt-right"
came straight from his website. This might be true. But that just refers to the alt-right
as a term, not as an ideology. The truth is, that the word "alt-right" simply latched
onto something that had already been brewing for some years in other dispossessed corners
of society…and the internet. Which brings us to our next point!
8 - 4chan If you've never heard of it, 4chan is a
website. One that has grown in popularity far beyond what its creators and initial users
imagined and even what they would have liked. The key to 4chan's popularity was the Japanese
style bulletin board the site had adapted for English use. People had so much fun using
it — threads became ephemeral, growing wildly within seconds, then disappearing minutes
later, pushed out of the way and into oblivion by new threads. Anonymity, and the site's
short turnover time with lack of memory or archives meant that anything goes.
To those with a passing knowledge of 4chan, it's strange to think of it having a "value"
system. But in a weird way, by disavowing mainstream values, the 4chan community, developed
its own set of offbeat values. Sure, it did try hard to be nihilistic, and to laugh everything
off as a joke. But, of course, that's impossible. All attempts to be "random" started to
forge an image of exactly who they were, the open space of near total freedom to do what
they wanted started to fill up with their identity, their interests and their tastes.
The result was that 4chan had a culture as complex as any other society of millions of
people, anonymous or not. There were things it loved, things it hated, ways of being and
acting that were met with approval or disapproval in the group.
The culture that emerged was one defined by a rabid defiance of political correctness.
A key feature of the site soon became a proud insensitivity to suffering in that way only
people who have never really suffered can — that is to say, young people, mostly young men,
protected by a cloak of anonymity. The accepted standard was a sort of libertarian "free
speech" banner, in which isolated young men asserted their right to do or say anything
no matter someone else's feelings. This meant generally posting pornography, swastikas,
racial slurs, and content that revelled in its harm to other people. This sort of political-incorrectness-as-mission-statement,
is probably best articulated by the man who has become the poster child for the alt-right:
7 - Milo Yiannopoulos Yiannopoulos, who is openly gay, is loved
by the "alt-right," according to CBS News, which said Milo's catchphrase is "feminism
is cancer." Yiannopoulos, CBS News added, "returns the affection" to the "alt-right."
The manifesto he co-authored for Breitbart News sought to characterize the "alt-right"
as more of an intellectual movement that also includes pranksters who don't necessarily
believe in white nationalism. To be fair, Milo has never advocated white
nationalism. For "Milo", the alt right, at its very core, is about radical free speech.
It is also about breaking away from more traditionally conservative conventions and giving a voice
to younger people with conservative values. Yiannopoulos claims that some "young rebels"
are drawn to the alt-right not for deeply political reasons but "because it promises
fun, transgression, and a challenge to social norms." According to The New Yorker, testing
the strength of speech taboos is a major component alt-right identity.
Yiannopoulos is no stranger to controversy. He was banned from twitter for basically making
fun of Saturday Night Live's Leslie Jones for "looking like a man" in his review
of her work for Ghostbusters. He was also, in February 2017, forced to resign from his
editorial position at Breitbart news because of comments he made that were interpreted
as being apologetic to pedophilia.
6 - Reactions from prominent critics The alt right has had its fair share of criticism
from both sides of the increasingly polarized American political divide.
Although some conservatives have welcomed the alt-right, others on the mainstream right
and left have criticized it as racist or hateful, particularly given its hostility towards mainstream
liberalism and conservatism. David A. French, writing for National Review,
called alt-right proponents "wanna-be fascists" and bemoaned their entry into the national
political conversation. Benjamin Welton, writing for The Weekly Standard, described the alt-right
as a highly heterogeneous force that turns the left's moralism on its head and makes
it a badge of honor to be called 'racist,' 'homophobic,' and 'sexist.'
Benjamin Wallace-Wells, writing for The New Yorker, described it as a loosely assembled
far-right movement, but said that its differences from the conventional right-wing in American
politics are more a matter of style than of substance. He claimed that one way to understand
the alt-right is not as a movement but as a collective experiment in identity, in the
same way that many people use anonymity on the Internet to test more extreme versions
of themselves. 5 - Politics
The political ideology of the alt right, is actually very tricky to pin down. It seems
to be a strange combination of extreme, but selective social conservatism with an economic
(and often racial) nationalism. There is no formal or official intellectual
manifesto and it's not clear if the alt-right can be considered a single political ideology.
Due to the nebulous nature of anonymous online communities, nobody's entirely sure who the
alt-righters are and what motivates them. It's also unclear which among them are true
believers and which are smart-ass troublemakers just trying to ruffle feathers. Many of its
own proponents often claim they are joking or seeking to provoke an outraged response.
Andrew Marantz of The New Yorker describes "alt-right" as a label, like 'snob' or
'hipster,' that is often disavowed by people who exemplify it.
The alt-right has, however, been said to include elements of white nationalism, white supremacism,
anti-semitism, right-wing populism, nativism, and the neo-reactionary movement. The New
Yorker would add "neo-monarchists, masculinists, comparatists, and belligerent nihilists to
that list. Newsday columnist Cathy Young noted the alt-right's
strong opposition to both legal and illegal immigration and its hard-liner stance on the
European migrant crisis as a key feature in its recent surge in popularity amongst youngish
white men. Commonalities among the loosely-defined alt-right
include a disdain for mainstream politics, a disdain for political correctness as well
as strong support for President Trump. 4 - Anonymous
As a term that refers to a sort of cloak and dagger, semi-righteous mystery online identity,
Anonymous almost definitely got its start on the aforementioned 4chan website.
In its early form, the concept was adopted by a decentralized online community acting
anonymously in a coordinated manner, usually toward a loosely self-agreed goal, and primarily
focused on entertainment. Beginning with 2008's Project Chanology—a series of protests,
pranks, and hacks targeting the Church of Scientology—the Anonymous collective became
increasingly associated with collaborative hacktivism on a number of issues internationally.
By the end of 2011, 4chan.org had become well-known. Subsequently, the group splintered in a sense;
anyone could and did pick up the banner of Anonymous. Hackers labelling themselves as
such pursued completely different agendas, some anti-corporate, some truly noble —such
as helping convict the Steubenville rapists. But philanthropic and anti-corporate hacking
was not at the heart of what 4chan was about. It had started and always was in some way
about the laughs, using the computer for entertainment, for passing the time. Perhaps there was a
moment when it could have been something else, a shining possibility that emerged on the
horizon in one of those magical revolutionary moments in which all things are possible.
Due to Anonymous' nebulous nature and its origin on 4chan message boards, it's often
confused with the alt-right, but it's not necessarily associated. In fact, the majority
of Anonymous' hacktivist activities of late have a leftist, socialist bent, such as their
involvement in the Occupy Wall street protests. 3 - Trump
So the alt-right likes him, generally speaking. Some in a sincere way, and others are behind
him because they view him as the ultimate troll being unleashed onto the status quo.
But what exactly is Trump's relationship to the alt right?
The alt-right movement coalesced around Trump's 2016 presidential candidacy, due in part to
its own opposition to multiculturalism and immigration. Throughout the campaign and into
his presidency Trump was accused of pandering to white nationalists. This accusation became
more intense after Trump appointed Breitbart News chair Steven Bannon CEO of the Trump
campaign in August. Bannon has blatantly referred to Breitbart News as "the platform for the
alt-right." Media attention grew after the election, particularly
during a post-election celebratory meeting near the White House hosted by alt-right advocate,
white nationalist, and person who actually coined the phrase "alt-right", Richard
Spencer. Spencer used several Nazi propaganda terms during a meeting, and closed with "Hail
Trump, hail our people, hail victory". In response, supporters of Spencer gave the Nazi
salute and chanted in a similar fashion to the Sieg Heil chant used at the Nuremberg
rallies. Spencer defended the conduct, stating that the Nazi salute was given in a spirit
of "irony and exuberance". In an interview with The New York Times on
November 22, 2016, President-elect Donald Trump disavowed and condemned the alt-right,
much to the dismay of many of his alt-right supporters.
2 - Pepe the frog Pepe the Frog is a popular Internet meme.
The fictional green anthropomorphic frog with a frog-like face and a humanoid body is originally
from a comic series by Matt Furie called Boy's Club. It became an Internet meme when its
popularity steadily grew across websites like 4chan. By 2015, it had become one of the most
popular memes used on the site. Beginning in 2016, Pepe's image has increasingly been
appropriated as a symbol of the controversial alt-right movement. Because of the use of
Pepe by the alt-right, the Anti-Defamation League added Pepe the Frog to their database
of hate symbols in 2016, adding that not all Pepe memes are racist. Since then, Pepe's
creator has publicly expressed his dismay at Pepe being used as a hate symbol.
During the 2016 United States presidential election, the meme was connected to Donald
Trump's campaign. In October 2015, Donald Trump retweeted a Pepe representation of himself,
associated with a video called "You Can't Stump the Trump". Later in the election,
Roger Stone and Donald Trump Jr. posted a parody movie poster of The Expendables on
Twitter and Instagram titled "The Deplorables", a play of Hillary Clinton's controversial
phrase, basket of deplorables, which included Pepe's face among those of members of the
Trump family and other figures popular among the alt-right.
In May 2016, Olivia Nuzzi of The Daily Beast wrote how there was an actual campaign to
reclaim Pepe from normies. "Normies" refers to people outside of 4chan using the image
for their own ends. Nuzzi wrote that, to turn Pepe into a white nationalist icon, was an
explicit goal of many on the alt-right.
1 - Ties to white nationalism There have always been connections made between
the alt right and organizations such as the KKK or the Neo-Nazis. Since the alt right
does NOT have an official spokesperson, or even an official position on most things,
it's almost impossible to definitively link them to anything. There are, however some
dots that can be connected: On September 9, 2016, several prominent figures
in the alt-right community held a press conference, described by one reporter as the "coming-out
party" of the movement, to explain their goals. They proclaimed racialist beliefs, stating
race is real, race matters, and race is the foundation of identity. Speakers called for
a "White Homeland" and expounded on racial differences in intelligence. They also confirmed
their support of Trump, saying "This is what a leader looks like".
The older generation of Trump supporters that the press often focuses on, the so-called
"forgotten white working class", are in a sense easier to explain since they are NOT
blatant racists or white nationalists. They fit into the schema of a 1950s-style electorate.
These are the factory workers, and coal mining baby boomers who were promised pensions and
prosperity, but received instead simply the promises. Here the narrative is simple. The
workers were promised something and someone (the politicians? the economy? the system
itself?) never delivered. In many cases, this demographic of people
has also turned to the alt-right, because it seems like an attractive all-cards-on-the-table
kind of game you might play if you had little to lose.
Here's whats next!
For more infomation >> J.ANDERSON, T.RABIN, R.WAKEMAN-''You & Me ,Us &Them''Live at Symphony Hall in Birmigham 13 3 2017 - Duration: 6:13. 
Không có nhận xét nào:
Đăng nhận xét