Danny Rand is the Iron Fist. By plunging
his hand into the molten heart of a
dragon, he gained the ability to focus
his energy, his chi, into it. This gives his
hand a
supernatural yellow glow and the ability
to strike with superhuman hardness and
the impact whilst being impervious to pain
or injury. But is there a way that he and
you can gain that same yellow glow with
real hard science and not the mystic arts.
Now when I see something glowing I
immediately think "that's hot". That's because hot
objects emit a spectrum of light based
solely on their temperature. From the
overall colour of the light they emit
you can actually work out how hot they are,
their colour temperature. We do this for
stars all the time. However, unfortunately
the pure yellow of Iron Fist's hand isn't on the
plankian locus. That's the path through
all possible colours that hot bodies take
as their temperatures ramp up.
The closest thing to yellow is at about
3,000 Kelvin with this light orange
colour. But having a 3000 Kelvin hand
would not be good for you! Remember you're
70 percent water and that of course
evaporates at a mere one hundred degrees C. At
300 degrees C your flesh would start
to combust and by 1,700 degrees C you're
at the temperature of most crematoriums.
Basically most of your hand would be
vaporized and anything left would either
be ash or bone.
Thankfully there is another way!
Luminescence is the name for any light
emitted not from heat. In most of its
many, many forms it work by exciting an
atom or molecule to a higher energy
level than usual.
Now Nature is inherently lazy, it likes to
go back down to a lower energy level,
the lowest possible one.
How does it do this? It can emit a packet
of energy, a photon of light. Thanks to
quantum mechanics every substance has
its own set of possible energy levels
that it can occupy and therefore every
possible transition from higher or lower
energy levels, or every possible photon that
it can emit, is a unique fingerprint
for that substance. In other words,
different materials emit different
colours of light. But this whole
luminescent process requires energy to
be input in the first place, which excite
the atoms or molecules and that energy can
come from lots of different places, such
as higher frequency more energetic light
like UV, forms of ionizing radiation,
electricity, or what most useful for our
purposes chemical reactions.
Certain reactions produce molecules in an
excited state which will then give out
light when they relax. This is what happens
inside a glow stick, so remember that
the next time you're at nineties rave.
Now these reactions also occur within some
organisms, where it's called
bioluminescence. Most of those creatures can
be found in the ocean, with a few
exceptions. These organisms create a
pigment called luciferin, which yes is
named after Lucifer but not that Lucifer,
it's Latin for "light bringer", just to make
things nice and confusing. Luciferin
reacts with oxygen, helped along by the
enzyme luciferase using some quantum
biological magic, to produce light and a
whole load of other products. That light
is used by the creatures for
communication, attraction, defense, even
camouflage. Bioluminescent light is a cold
light, meaning less than twenty percent
of the energy goes to heat, which definitely
good for Danny and you. But can we produce
that yellow glow we're after? Well Nature
has shown a plethora of colours
which can be produced in this process
from blues, greens, reds and yes the
yellow glow of fireflies... no not that
firefly, this one. What controls the
colour of that bioluminescent light is
the structure of the luciferin
molecules. It turns out changing just one
amino acid is enough to give you almost
any colour you like.
In fact we've been able to splice the
genes that create this light producing
pigment into other things, mostly plants,
to make them slightly glow.
So while Danny may say that he plunged his
hand into the heart of the Dragon, I
reckon he actually got genetically
modified to produce like producing
pigments in his hand. That gives him the
ability to emit a strange yellow glow
that probably scares the s**** out of most
people. And it's a good thing Danny is a
nice guy, because with that sort of eerie
powers, he could probably rule New York
with... what't that phrase again?
Thank you so much for watching all of this Iron Fist video.
I really do appreciate it, I would also
appreciate any likes, shares or subscribes
you'd like to give me and i'll see you
on my next video.
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