(inspirational music)
For thousands of years, human beings viewed the world
as an enchanted place.
♫ Shooting stars in the dark night sky
♫ Blazing trails behind the moon
We tended to identify purpose and meaning
with what we might call transcendent purpose and meaning.
Purpose and meaning that were given to us from outside.
But if you change the perspective on it
and say look, I create my purpose.
I choose what my purpose is.
I can choose who I want to be where I want to go in my life.
You didn't need for the purpose to be transcendent.
That was a way of talking that now we know better.
Let's accept that purpose is contingent and subjective
and made up by us and live with that
and make it as best as we can.
Long before he become a theoretical physicist,
Sean Carroll was driven by a law of learning.
I was 10 years old and I would just go
to the public library and I would read books.
Some of the books talked about the Big Bang and black holes
and quarks and leptons and I knew
that whatever that was, I wanted to understand it.
I wanted to do that for a living.
And I don't know why.
I don't come from a long line of academics
or anything like that.
I come from a long line of steel workers, if anything.
But he put me in the library with those books
and I wanted to read then all.
Those books showed him a world
ripe for exploration.
A universe where the lure of superstition
pales beside the wonders of science.
It seems to be an airtight conclusion
if you believe the laws of physics
as we currently understand them
that there are no psychic powers.
There's no way to bend a spoon with the power of your mind
and we know that because we know the forces
that are accessible by our physical body.
Astrology does not work, telekinesis does not work,
telepathy does not work, there's just no way
to communicate in these sort of paranormal ways.
On the other hand, the laws of physics
as we do understand them have given us
an amazing set of technologies
that let us do a lot of things.
So, the question is, which would you rather have?
That your horoscope be accurate,
or that you have a cellphone that well let you look up
the internet and talk to any friend that you want
anywhere in the world any time?
This is a very natural thing to think,
that if the universe had a beginning,
something made it begin,
something brought it into existence.
There's even a famous argument for the existence of God
saying that anything that begins has a cause.
The universe had a beginning, therefore it has a cause.
500 years ago it would have been absolutely sensible
to think that the best explanation we have
for the universe we see is that God was very crucial
in creating it.
It's a big universe, it keeps moving
and we don't know why.
It's very intricate and complex.
As we've understood more and more about the laws of physics
we see more and more how the universe
just works all by itself.
(birds chirping)
It's not that science will ever rule out
the existence of God.
It's not like we can prove that God doesn't exist.
But ever since the time of Galileo and Newton,
right up to the present day, there have been roles
that God served that science has figured out,
actually, we don't need God for that.
We don't need God to explain why planets move in the sky.
We don't need God to explain how species evolved
into what they are today.
We don't need God to explain
the beginning of the universe itself.
Today, Caroll ponders nothing less
than the beginning and the end of time.
He imagines what might have existed
before the Big bang.
It's possible that the universe is symmetric
and the Big Bang was in fact the middle
of the history of the universe.
Maybe before the Big Bang it was contracting
and then somehow it bounced.
That is definitely one option on the table.
Another option was that there is a universe
that just exists forever, more or less quietly
not doing anything, but because of quantum fluctuations
sometimes this universe pinches off a little baby universe.
So you have a big space-time.
Essentially it's empty, there's nothing really happening,
but every so often there's a little quantum-mechanical event
that separates off a bit of space
from the rest of the universe and that bit of space
expands and grows into a universe like ours.
So there's actually many different possibilities
for what the universe could have been like
pre-Big Bang and also of course,
the right one might be one that none of us
have ever thought of quite yet.
While the origins of the universe remain murky,
physics has uncovered strong clues to our ultimate fate.
In 1998 we discovered that the universe is accelerating.
So not only is it expanding, just in galaxies
are moving away from us, but the distant galaxies
are moving away from us faster and faster.
And we attribute this to the existence of dark energies.
Some energy is space itself pushing things apart.
The interesting thing about dark energy is
as far as we can tell, it doesn't go away.
There's an amount of energy
in every cubic centimeter of space that remains the same
forever and in every place in the universe.
So this pushing apart, this acceleration of the universe
is not going to end and eventually if you wait long enough
nothing will be left of our observable universe.
That seems to be the clear-cut prediction
of our best current theory of the universe.
It says that after a certain time
there will be nothing left but empty space.
It's not a cheery forecast,
but it does leave us billions of years to explore.
Understand and accept the world we inhabit.
(waves rushing)
♫ Where she runs, runs by the sea
♫ It's like the old wind blows
Life is not a thing that goes from place to place.
It is not a substance that leaves your body when you die.
Live is a process, life is a way
of talking about the interactions and motions
of the things that make you up.
The implication of that is, is that when you die
life ends, there is no continuation of your thought
or your being or your consciousness
past the physical existence of your body.
Now, you might ask, maybe there's more to the world
than these laws of physics that you're telling me about.
Anything is possible, it's conceivable.
You're really saying either that physics is right
and you're made of atoms, obeying those laws of physics
and when you die, what we call your life and your thought
and your consciousness ends.
Or, somehow everything we know about the laws of physics
is wildly wrong and to me
that doesn't rob our lives of meaning,
That makes every single moment of our lives
indescribably precious.
There's a finite number of that.
This is not a dress rehearsal for something in the future.
This life that we have right now on Earth,
right not in front of us is what has meaning,
and what really matters to us.
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