Waching daily Mar 18 2017

Since India aspires to become a leading power — which conducts its foreign policy based upon real rather than perceived strengths — it should, among other things, become a credible military power.

For this, Prime Minister Narendra Modi should appoint a political heavyweight as the full-time defense minister, who is able to cut through the entrenched bureaucracy (civil and military) to focus on five fundamental priorities. First, the minister should strive for constitutional ownership of the defense ministry. Under the 1961 Government of India Allocation of Business Rules and Transaction of Business Rules, the defense secretary, not the defense minister, is responsible for India's defense.

Given this, while the five departments of the defense ministry — department of defense, department of research and development, department of production and supplies, department of finance, and the integrated defense headquarters — and the three integrated headquarters of the three defense services report to the defense minister. His authority is more notional than real. The actual work depends upon how the defense bureaucracy views matter.

Second, the defense minister should direct the chiefs of staff committee (comprising the three defense services chiefs) to do a combined assessment of threats from Pakistan and China. This has never been done. The assessment of the two-front war, based upon which massive procurements and huge manpower expansions have been sought, was first done by the Army. Not to be left behind, the Air Force and the Navy came up with similar assessments and sought additional equipment, well beyond what the annual defense budgets can afford and the ill-equipped indigenous defense industry can deliver.

Moreover, since fighting two-front nuclear-armed neighbors with potent conventional war capabilities is suicidal, what is the point of collecting expensive war goodies which cannot neutralize threats? The way out would be provided by combined threat assessment and military reforms.

Third, the basic purpose of military reforms is to strengthen the operational or war-fighting level of conventional war. And the least this requires is not a military tri-service leader — whether a Chief of Defense Staff (CDS) or a Permanent Chairman of the Chiefs of Staff Committee — on the top, or theater commands, but an understanding of the defense services of their own and other services' core competencies. The latter is essential for developing credible joint operations for a successful war.

Since this takes years through staff and field postings at all levels within the services to master, the defense minister should order this. The Chinese military started such inter-services postings in 2008. It was only in 2015, as a part of its military reforms, the posts of Joint Staff Department (equivalent of CDS) and theater commanders were created.

Fourth, in order to strengthen the indigenous defense industry, the minister will need to look beyond the advice of the self-serving defense bureaucracy. For example, the bureaucracy — which will resist losing its control over the domestic industry — would make defining the "Strategic Partnership" clause of the new Defense Procurement Procedure unrealisable. Without this, Make in India would not happen, since the foreign company is required to tie up with an Indian strategic partner.

Therefore, in order to strengthen the defense industry, the minister should press that both indigenous public and private defense industry be treated as national assets; that the DRDO implement reforms as suggested by the Rama Rao committee; that the public sector industry adhere to time and cost lines; that imported foreign technology is not passed off as indigenous; and that there is a technical review of long-struck projects in the DRDO, Ordnance factories and public sector units.

And fifth, the minister should focus on developing core technologies through wide-net partnerships between the DRDO and civilian scientific research institutes. Since core technologies are a nation's strength and no one parts with it, it has to be painstakingly developed over decades. At present, Make in India is a vision which would take decades to fructify. Hence, a sincere beginning needs to be made. If the new defense minister looks at the Chinese military, which has grown from a tactical force to one capable of threatening the powerful United States' military, he would realize that military power is much more than enhanced defense allocations.