Hello, hello.
This is Saraneth, and we are playing Creatverse Gone WIRED.
This video is part of a series of step-by-step tutorials that assume no previous experience
with circuitry, virtual or otherwise.
In this video, we'll be constructing an edge detector circuit, which can be used with
larger machines and clocking devices.
But first we'll create an inverter out of a Logic Gate and learn the difference between
the two, and we'll revisit distance as it pertains to Creativerse machines.
If you're very new to Creativerse machines, I recommend starting with the first video
in this series, "Let There Be Light."
In the description I've also linked the Truth Tables chart, which has all the different
Logic Gates and what results we get with each combination of inputs.
We'll be using this chart a couple of times throughout the video.
For most simple circuits, inputs and outputs are straightforward.
Turn the switch on, and the LED turns on.
Turn the switch off, the LED turns off.
As time passes, the signal changes from false to true and then back to false again.
Or, if we're speaking binary, from 0 to 1 and back to 0 again.
But what if we don't want a constant signal.
What if we want just a small pulse to tell us when the signal changes?
If we're looking for changes in the signal, we're looking for these spots.
The change from 0 to 1 is called the "rising edge," and from 1 to 0, the "falling edge."
How can we make a circuit to detect the rising edge?
We want to see a pulse right as the switch is turned on.
That means we want the signal to make it to the LED, but we also want it to cancel
immediately afterward.
Thankfully, there's already a theoretical schematic we can follow in the real world.
Here we have an AND Gate, with Inverters in front of one of AND's inputs.
Let's add a little something to this image to make it clearer what we're looking at.
There.
In this circuit, the AND Gate is already primed
with one true input from the odd number of inverters.
When the signal travels to both the AND's second input and the inverters, the inverters
slow down the signal with their own propagation delay, leaving a very brief moment when both
inputs of the AND Gate are true.
When the inverters have processed the signal, they change the signal to false, meaning the
AND Gate no longer has two true signals.
The result is a very tiny true pulse from the AND Gate.
Let's try that with Creativerse machines.
Remember you can hold down shift
to keep the wire in yourhand.
All right.
Uh...
Hrm.
This doesn't seem to be working.
The circuit seems simple enough, so what gives?
There are actually two ways Creativerse machines work differently than real world circuits
that might explain why a direct transposition will not work.
I've talked before about propagation delay before, and here I've reconstructed part
of my experiments from the previous video.
This switch connects to an OR Gate, a Delay Gate set to 0 seconds, and an Inverter.
Each of those is connected to another of its kind, and the second to a third, and the third
to a fourth, and so on.
When we turn the switch, we should see the changes move from the first machines to the
last in this line, as each machine must process the signal before moving it on.
So let's try that.
Did we see that correctly? Let's try again.
The lines of Delay Gates and Logic Gates exhibit propagation delay.
But it seems the Inverters showed no delay at all!
Unlike other gates, Inverters seem to process their logic instantaneously, which means we
cannot rely on them for propagation delay in our edge detector.
So what can we do?
We know that Logic Gates have propagation delay.
Let's use one of those.
Pop Quiz.
Inverters take a signal and turn it to its opposite.
With the switch on and outputting true, the inverter outputs false.
When the switch is off and outputting false, the inverter outputs true.
Using just one Logic Gate set to NAND, how can we connect the switch to the LED so that
the LED shows an inverted output?
Pause the video if you'd like.
NAND will output true for everything except two true inputs, but we can make sure the
inputs are always the same by connecting the switch to both of them at once.
When the switch is turned on, it sends a true signal to both of the NAND's inputs,
making the gate output false.
When we turn the switch off, it outputs false to both of the NAND's inputs, meaning the
output will be true.
We've created an inverter out of a NAND Gate.
Bonus question: What other gate can we use in the exact same way to be act as an inverter?
That is, which other gate will give us a false output when both inputs are true and a true
output when both inputs are false?
The answer?
NOR.
If we compare the inverter to our new NAND inverter, we can see the output of the NAND
is just a bit slower than the standard inverter.
We now have an inverter with propagation delay.
Let's set up our edge detector with our new NAND Inverter
just like the real-world schematic.
Hrm.
Not working.
Maybe we need three?
Oof!
It's working! That's good, but . . .
Wow, that pulse is actually quite long.
That almost feels like a whole second.
Not really the quick pulse that we're expecting for our machines.
There's actually one more thing going on here that you might not be aware of,
a lesser-known way that Creativerse machines
are different from real world circuits.
The latter are analog, running on real-world physics where two occurrences can happen at
the exact same time.
But here, in Creativerse, where we play in a virtual environment produced by lines of code, processed
by our own computers one command at a time, two occurrences cannot happen at the
exact same time.
One gate will always process before the other.
I think we forced a lot of that processing to happy with
the huge number of "NANDverters" here.
But I think we can reduce that back to one
with one additional change.
Let's say the game processes the sequence of events something like this:
At a resting state, with the switch off, the NAND inverter outputs true, and the AND,
with one true and one false input, outputs false.
The LED is off.
We flip the switch, so it outputs true.
Only one of the machines can process its inputs at a time.
Let's assume it's the NAND inverter.
The NAND updates its output based on the change to its inputs.
It's now outputting false.
It's AND's turn to process its inputs, which are currently one true and one false.
With one true and one false input, AND cannot output true,
which means our LED was never able to light up.
How then can we take the AND gate
and make sure it processes before the NAND inverter?
As it turns out, distance really does matter.
Let's reconnect.
When one signal goes to multiple inputs, the closest input usually gets processed first.
So, if we want to make sure the AND Gate is processed first, we need to make sure it's
closer to our switch than the NAND Inverter.
If the AND gate processes the signal first, we'll have a moment when the AND has a true
output before the NAND inverter changes the AND gate a second time.
Let's try it, this time placing our NAND inverter farther from the input
than our AND.
Perfect!
Exactly what we want to see,
a very short burst.
"But wait!" you say.
"What if the distance from the source input is the reason the original Inverter didn't work?"
That's very scientific of you! Let's try it.
Hrm.
Again, we see the Inverter Gate completely lacks the necessary propagation delay.
We will have to stick to our "NANDverter."
What if we want a different kind of edge detector?
What if we want an otherwise steady signal to give us
a negative pulse only on the falling edge?
Let's work with our current setup of a NAND Inverter
and a Logic Gate and plan our desired result:
When the switch is off and the system is at a resting state, one input will be false,
and the other input, because of the NAND Inverter, will be true.
Here we want a true output.
When the switch first turns on, one input will be true.
We'll have a moment when the NAND Inverter is still true.
This is the rising edge, not the falling one, so we want to continue seeing a true output.
Next, the NAND Inverter processes the change in its input and changes its output.
The inputs for the Logic Gate are again one true and one false.
We're not at the falling edge yet, so we still want to see that true signal.
Time to turn the switch off, which means its output changes from true to false,
from 1 to 0.
We'll have a moment when the NAND Inverter will still be false before it processes the
change in signal.
THIS is our falling edge when we want to see a inverted pulse.
Output: false.
Finally the NAND Inverter processes the signal and outputs true.
This pulse should end, so we want to return to a true output from our Logic Gate.
Looking over the list of desired behaviors from our Logic Gate, and referencing our chart,
can we see which setting would give us the results we want?
The only time the Logic Gate should output false is when both inputs are false.
Of all our gates, only the OR Gate follows this rule.
Let's try it.
Perfect!
Just by changing the kind of gate, we've made a different kind of edge detector.
In fact, each setting on the Logic Gate produces a different kind of edge detection circuit.
With just two Logic Gates, we can create six different types of edge detectors.
A rising edge detector using the AND gate.
An inverted rising edge detector using a NAND gate.
A falling edge detector using a NOR gate.
An inverted falling edge detector using the OR gate.
An indiscriminate edge detector,
that means it detects both falling and rising edges,
using the XNOR gate.
And finally, the inverted indiscriminate edge detector,
which stays on except for any edge
using an XOR gate.
Future videos are in the works.
If you'd like to be notified when the next upload goes up, hit the bell button next to "subscribe,"
and be sure to check out the other "Gone Wired" videos in this series and links in the description
to other great Creativerse content creators working with machines.
Until next time, take care.
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