Are you going on vacation soon, English winners? Get this: there are 17 to 18
tenses in the English language. Now that's a lot,
but fortunately, to travel effectively in an English-speaking country, you are only
going to need five. So, with these five tenses, you're not going to be fluent, but
you're going to have functional English that will be perfect for whatever you're
trying to do in your travels in everyday situations. First, let's look at some
basic scenarios or situations where tenses are necessary: Your contact is on
the phone with you right now. They are in their hotel room, but you are waiting by
the swimming pool. How can you tell your contact where you are so that you can
meet. Your tour guide said something, but you didn't hear him. How can you get him
to repeat what he said? You're turning your car back into the rental car
company, and you had a minor accident. How do you explain to them what happened?
You received an email that you plan to read. Just... not now. How can you tell the person
who sent it that you are planning to read it later?
So you went to a hotel, and there was a friendly bellhop... or concierge. They
helped you a lot. How can you ask them if they are going to be at work tomorrow?
You see... in all these situations, you need tenses, and you will need the five that
I'm going to explain in this lesson. So tenses are important. As we study each
tense, I want you to repeat the example sentences 1-3 times. Pause the
video if you have to, because you need the practice, okay? In the comments... as we
practice the tenses, I want to I want you to write your own sentences, okay? That
way you can practice more. And, along the way, I will show you
something called signal words. These signal words are your friends. They are
attached to different types of sentences with different tenses. The signal words
will help you know which tense the speaker is using and which tense you will
use in responding. Hint: they're the same. So, future tense question... future tense
answer... that kind of thing. So you'll see the tense... you'll see the
examples... and you'll see signal words. Let's go to the first tense. Present
progressive: He is speaking. He is not speaking. Is he speaking? Simple past: He
left. He did not leave. Did he leave? Past progressive: He was driving. He was not
driving. Was he driving? Future one (with going to): She will eat. She will not eat.
Will she eat? And then - of course - going to: She is going to eat. She is not going to
eat. Is she going to eat? Future one progressive: The train will be arriving
soon. The train will not be arriving on time. Will the train be arriving on time?
So, our first tense will be present progressive. To do the present
progressive tense, you need your subject, you need your be verb - at present it's
going to be 'is' - and then you're going to need your -ING verb, okay? Let's go over
the purposes for present progressive: The first example is: Look! Peyton Manning is
throwing the ball. So, present progressive can be used when something is happening
in that moment of time... right now. Or, you'll hear this at the airport: The
plane is boarding now. When you hear a sentence like 'the plane is boarding now,'
that means that an action is happening right now - but only for a
limited amount of time - maybe 10 minutes, or 5 minutes, or 30 minutes. It depends on
what is happening. Third example: At this moment, she is packing for her trip. In
that case, present progressive is used to show that something is being arranged
for the future. So, maybe preparing, getting ready, packing, getting settled...
those types of things. Present progressive.... you're getting arranged for
the future. Some signal words might include: right now, now, listen, look, just
now, at the moment, or at this moment. So, back to the example: your contact is in
the hotel room talking to you on the phone and you are down at the swimming
pool. How can you tell him where to meet? Good question. You use present
progressive tense. Check this out: 'I am waiting near the swimming pool.' That's
how you do it. Let's go to the next tense: simple past. Simple past is just subject -
he, she, it, they, Thomas, David, Loretta - plus a verb - ran, walked, flew, ate, - things
like that. If it's a question, it will have the past tense of the word do, did,
followed by the subject and the verb: Did he leave? He ran, vs. the question form:
Did he run? First example: After two hours, we left the zoo. This is used with past
tense to show an action that has happened zero times, one time, or maybe
several times. This morning, I came, I ate, I took pictures, and I left. This is where
simple past is used to describe events happening, one after the other.
I ate, I saw, I took pictures, and I left. While you walked on the beach, did you
listen to music? This is another case of simple past being used to describe
something happening at the same time something else is happening, and you're
simply reporting it or asking about it. While you were on the beach, did you
listen to music? Signal words: yesterday, this morning, in 2009, at the hotel. Notice
all these signals are time and place, so anything to indicate time, or season, or
places... those are your signal words to know that
you might just be dealing with past tense...Simple past. Let's go over the
question I gave you at the beginning, okay? Here it goes:
your tour guide said something, but you didn't hear him. How can you get him to
repeat himself? And the answer is simple: 'What did you say?' And that's how you use
simple past to get the information. Now let's go to the next one: past
progressive tense. Past progressive tense is: subject, be verb - it's going to be 'was',
because it's the past tense for be - and then ING verb. It's just like present
progressive, but 'is' changes to 'was'. Let's look at some examples and uses of past
progressive tense: We were swimming under a waterfall earlier today. In this case,
past progressive is used to describe something that happened at a specific
moment in time. While my son was taking pictures, my wife was driving. In this
case, past progressive is used to describe two events happening at the
same time. Note: this is different from simple past... 'while you were walking on
the beach, did you listen to music?' because listening to music happened
inside that moment of walking in the beach. In THIS case, two people are doing
different things at the same time: 'while my son was taking pictures, my wife was
driving.' Third example: I was admiring a statue when a bird landed on it. In this
case, past progressive tense is used to show when you're doing something, or
something is happening and then that thing is interrupted by something else
that's happening. So, I was admiring the statue when a bird landed on it. So, like
I said, past progressive is almost exactly like present progressive... the
only difference is the change in tense of your 'be' verb. The plane is boarding
becomes: the plane was boarding. Your signal words are going to be a little
bit different with past progressive tense because they talk about things
happening at the same time or interrupting so: while, as long as, during...
So, you're telling the car company that a minor accident happened. How do you
explain to them what had happened? It's simple. You use past progressive tense.
Check this out: I was stopping at a stop sign a while ago when someone backed
into the back bumper of the car. Sorry about the dent. Next one: future,
with the words 'going to'. There's two ways to do this: one subject, + will + an
infinitive verb. So, 'I will run.' Or, 'I will talk.' Then you have 'going to', which is
subject + Be verb + going to + the present tense verb. We'll go over
some examples. You use future tense for a decision made in the future. Example: 'I
will make spaghetti for dinner' or 'I am going to make spaghetti for dinner'
Or, you can make a conclusion with regards to the future. Like: 'I will go to Poland.'
Or, 'I am going to go to Poland this summer.'
So, signal words are just anything pointing to a future time:
tonight, in an hour, next month, this summer, next year...
those are your signal words. Very easy. You received an email that you plan to
read. Just... not now. How can you tell them that you are going to do it in the
future? Easy. 'I will read it in the morning'. Or, 'I am going to read it in the
morning.' That's it. Last tense... number 5. So finally, you have your future progressive.
Just like we had past progressive, present progressive... now we have future
progressive. Subject + future tense be verb, and finally -ING verb at the end. Let's
look at some examples. If an action is going on sometime in the future... you'll
hear this a lot with travel: the plane will be arriving soon.
That's future progressive. So, in any action that is sure to happen in the
future, like, if there's a hundred percent chance of rain: 'It will be raining
tomorrow.' The signal words are the same as future: tomorrow, next week, in three
hours, soon, later... anything that shows there's going to be a future action.
There was a friendly employee at the hotel. They helped you a lot, and you want
to know if they are going to be there tomorrow. Here is how you ask: 'Will you be
working tomorrow?' Will you be working tomorrow? Ok.
Those are all five tenses. Congratulations. Let's review the
situations to see what you've learned. Your contact is on the phone with you
right now. They are in their hotel rooms, but you
are waiting by the swimming pool. How can you tell your contact where you are so
that you can meet? Your tour guide said something but you didn't hear him. How
can you get him to repeat what he said? You're turning your car back into the
rental car company and you had a minor accident. How do you explain to them what
happened? You received an email that you
plan to read. Just... not now. How can you tell the person who sent it that you are
planning to read it later? So you went to a hotel and there was a friendly bellhop...
or concierge. They helped you a lot. How can you ask them if they are going to be
at work tomorrow? Feel free to watch this video again for more practice. Until then,
check out my listening playlist and also my pronunciation playlist if you want
more lessons on English and speaking it very well. SUBSCRIBE for more English
Win videos, so I can reach you in the future, and until then keep winning,
English winners. Bye.
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