Problem: a flat tire...
First of all you have to assure that you can inflate the spare inner tube.
Inflate to the point that the tube gets round.
Move the chain to the smallest cog of the rear set.
(tip: use the rear wheel's brake)
I find easier to move the chain to the medium cog of the front set.
In case of v-brake, you should release it now, but do nothing on disk brakes...
Release the quick-release axle.
Keep the valve open to totally deflate the tube.
Use one tire level at any point of the tire.
You have to pull only one side of the tire out of the rim.
Correct the position of the rim protector tape around the valve hole.
Carefully inspect the inside of the tire and the outer of the rim for anomalies, prickles etc.
Inflate the old tube and try to investigate the problem.
Was it about a puncture by a pickle?
Or a hole in the inside made by the rim contact surface? (...possible at heavy breaking and low air pressure)
Maybe the valve is cloged by debris?
Let's deflate and keep it aside.
Now we'll cut a useless inner tube to reuse its parts.
Cut across the innermost circuit...
...and you have a protective external layer for the tube.
For making a rim protector, we'll cut it again in half...
... and once more to have it narrow enough to totally fit into the rim.
Obviously, to make protective layers in and out, you'll need two old inner tubes...
Align the valve with the rim hole.
(tip: deflate the tube a bit to easily wrap it around with the skin)
Press the tire into the rim, starting from the valve point and moving symmetrically on both directions...
At the end flex the tire and use tire levels to press it in.
(I had the rim protector not totally fit in, so it was quite hard to reset the tire...)
Assure proper fit of the tire, before fully inflate it.
Tire should be feel quite inflated but allow for a tiny sqeeze by fingers to offer grip on rocky terrain.
Remove any surplus of our custom rim protector (that should not overflow anyway...).
You may have to push down the rear derailleur swing arm, to free the way for the axle.
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