Explain
Fossils capture our imagination, giving us a glimpse into the past.
While many of the more
mysterious fossils have been explained by now, a few remain a total enigma, with theories
ranging from giants to missing link humans.
Hi!
I am Mister Mysterious and I welcome you to Mysterious5.
In this video, we'll take a look at some of the most mysterious fossil discoveries
science can't explain.
Enjoy!
FIVE: Homo Naledi
Homo Naledi is an extinct species related to humans, whose fossil skeletons were found
in the Rising Star Cave system, in 2013, near Johannesburg.
This discovery caused massive excitement among anthropologists, who flocked to this location
to start looking for additional fossils.
They unveiled more than 1,500 human fossils representing some 15 individuals, both male
and female, young and old.
Today, this is one of the richest assemblages of human fossils ever found.
The team was able to deduce the bones belonged to a new species, which had a curious mix
of primitive traits, such as a tiny brain, and modern features, including long legs.
They determined that these individuals were capable climbers and long-distance walkers.
Still, the scientists were unable to determine when exactly this species lived.
The creature's primitive characteristics suggested it was very old.
But its modern traits, along with the condition of the bones, which seemed to be barely fossilized,
hinted that Homo Naledi lived more recently.
Some of the newest reports are saying that these human fossils are between 230,000 and
330,000 years old.
This raises intriguing questions about the origins and evolution of our own species.
This isn't only shaking up the family tree of human evolution, but also questions our
ideas about the behavior and cognitive abilities of primitive human species.
FOUR: Tully Monster
Discovered in 1955 by collector Francis Tully, the first Tully Monster fossil completely
defied explanation.
Paleontologists eagerly wanted to place the fossil within well-known classifications,
but nobody could figure out what the monster was actually related to.
Francis Tully took the fossil to the Field Museum in Chicago, seeking some answers.
Other collectors quickly found one specimen after another, and very soon, hundreds ended
up at the Field Museum.
Even though we still don't know much about this creature, scientists believe that the
Tully Monster is a close relative of modern lampreys.
This is a nightmarish, blood-sucking fish that looks like a toothed suction cup.
But although the Tully Monster is a lamprey in its heart, it looks nothing like one from
the inside.
Its body is short and stout.
Its eyes sit at the end of a rigid bar.
Some of the newest findings are saying that this creature had gills and a notochord, which
functioned as a rudimentary spinal cord.
Some key questions about this strange creature remain unanswered.
No one knows when this animal first appeared on Earth or when it went extinct.
The true nature of the Tully monster is a mystery.
THREE: Ancient Giant Armadillo
While out on a Christmas day stroll along a stream to the south of Buenos Aires, Argentina,
Jose Antonio Nievas spotted something peculiar sticking out of a riverbank.
The object was greenish and pebbly, and at first, Nievas thought he had discovered an
enormous dinosaur egg.
He was wrong.
With a little more excavation, the unusual find turned out to be something much more
recent: a nearly complete shell of a beast that trundled around South America over 10,000
years ago.
Exactly what species of mammal Nievas discovered is yet to be determined.
Some of the early reports by paleontologists say that this might be a glyptodont.
It turns out that there's nothing quite like a glyptodont alive today.
While they are similar to armadillos in having a very strong armor made of bone, the glyptodonts
have a different kind of shell.
Many glyptodonts had caps of bone over their skulls to help protect them from jaguars,
saber-toothed cats, and other predators.
Ultimately, though, all the glyptodonts died out.
The very last of their kind disappeared by about 10,000 years ago, with climate change
and ecological disturbance.
In case this mysterious-looking fossil turns out to be a glyptodont, this discovery will
be of great value to biologists and paleontologists.
TWO: Indonesian Hobbit
In 2016, buried 6 feet beneath a volcanic rock on the Indonesian island of Flores, scientists
have found the fossilized remains of a petite hominin that lived 700,000 years ago.
The discovery consisted of just six tiny teeth and a fragment of a small lower jawbone.
However, this was enough to give the scientists a clue that these mysterious-looking bones
could belong to a direct ancestor of the strange and diminutive human relative called Homo
Floresiensis, also known as the "Hobbit".
The world was first introduced to this species in 2004 when an international team of researchers
announced the discovery of a never-before-seen hominin that had been found in the Liang Bua
cave of Flores.
These ancient human relatives lived between 50,000 and 100,000 years ago.
They stood just 3,5 feet tall, which is the height of an average 4-year-old modern-day
child.
Their brains were roughly one-third the size of our own, or about the size of a chimpanzee's
brain.
What is interesting here is that the newest discovery might be another proof that the
Hobbit is actually Homo Erectus, who is directly related to modern-day humans.
It is believed that Homo Erectus may have arrived at this island from Java after being
washed out to sea by a tsunami.
Over time, this species began to shrink on its new island home – which actually is
a common phenomenon known as island dwarfism.
As scientists believe, lots of animals that end up on islands get smaller
for a variety of reasons like limited food sources, or because there are no large predators
to stay big for.
Either way, we are still far from learning what happened to this species.
The Hobbit might prove that human diversity could be far greater than we ever realized.
ONE: The Nevada Giants
Many Native American tribes tell stories about the long-forgotten existence of humans that
were much taller and stronger than ordinary men.
These giants are described as both brave and barbaric, and legends often mention their
cruelty.
The Paiute, a tribe that settled in the Nevada region thousands of years ago, refer to these
red-haired giants as Si-Te-Cah.
As odd as it may sound, this legend repeats itself all over the Americas, suggesting that
it might be an incomplete chronicle of a real event that happened a long time ago.
Settlers to the West did not originally believe the Native Americans, dismissing the legends
as pointless stories.
That changed in 1911 when miners discovered Lovelock Cave.
The cave was huge, and the miners could see that it was previously inhabited.
When they started digging, they discovered hundreds of well-preserved ancient artifacts.
For example, a pair of 15-inch-long sandals was an intriguing find.
Furthermore, a number of huge bones were discovered that had to come from people nearly ten feet
tall.
Digging also revealed fossilized handprints that were much bigger than any human handprint.
Another dig that happened in 1931 revealed a set of equally-disturbing finds.
According to an article published in the Nevada Review-Miner, two giant skeletons had been
found buried in a dry lake bed close to Lovelock.
The over-sized remains that measured 10 feet in height were mummified in a manner similar
to the one employed by ancient Egyptians.
Another common trait between these mummified giants remains is the presence of red hair.
Today, we don't know what happened to these mummified remains.
However, several artifacts can be viewed in Winnemucca, Nevada at the Humboldt Museum.
Even though the oddly-shaped skulls aren't on public display, if you ask to view them
– you'll likely be able to.
Now that you know a bit about five of the most mysterious fossil discoveries, what is
your opinion?
You probably agree when I say that we are far from knowing all about mysterious creatures
that roamed the Earth.
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As always, thank you for watching.
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