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Serialization formats: JSON and Protobuf - Duration: 5:00.
Programs rarely do their tasks alone. They either have the store or send
representations of data to be consumed by other programs in a format that is
well understood.
This serialization process comes with a lot of questions
like: how to make sure the deserialized data structure uses the same types as
the original one, how not to break programs when you need to change the
format and, among others, how to make the process fast.
In this video we will talk about two of the commonly used formats: JSON and protobuf
and see how both of them address the same issues in different ways.
To start, let's take a simple piece of data: a user visits our website and we would like to
store when and which URL they have visited.
Like in a very simple analytics platform.
We can build for example a Java class and pass instances of that class
throughout our program.
When we want to get outside of these boundaries we'll
need to somehow serialize the instance.
One way to do that is to create a JSON
object that has a timestamp and the URL in it.
We can write the serialization code ourselves or use an off-the-shelf library.
Similarly, if we have an application reading from that JSON in,
let's say, Ruby, we can easily parse the JSON to an internal data structure using the built-in JSON library
or one of the faster alternatives.
In this case, since we're not using any special data types
it's not really a problem.
There are a couple of things that are great about
exchanging JSON between applications.
First, it's readable. JSON is just text
and we can at any point open any object with a text viewer and examine it.
Secondly, it's self-contained.
Everything a consumer needs is embedded within the
object so you can start sending json and accepting it without any synchronization.
This brings me to the fact that JSON is extensible.
We can easily extend the data that we're storing in the JSON object
without significant harm to the clients.
However, JSON isn't perfect.
At high volumes, the cost of serializing and
deserializing objects is non negligible. It becomes a significant overhead!
Added to that, with JSON, we don't have clearly defined types.
That's actually a feature,
but for some applications this is not desirable.
For example, according to the specification, JSON is agnostic about numbers
so if you want to store an unsigned 32-bit integer there is absolutely no
way to specify that.
Which means that when you parse a JSON you have to
allocate an arbitrary amount of memory, which can become a problem.
And finally JSON is massive. The most compact representation of our
message is 51 bytes.
The URL is 19 bytes and the Timestamp can be expressed as a
32 or, if you're optimistic about humanity not dying in 20 years, a 64-bit
integer, which gives us 4 bytes for the timestamp.
So we have a total of 23 bytes of content in a 51 bytes message.
That's a lot of overhead!
Protobuf tries to
address these points by taking another approach.
Instead of passing the schema with every message,
we can save space and power by declaring this schema beforehand.
So we can create a protofile that says a message will contain a
timestamp and a URL and we can use this file to both encode and decode objects.
Since both the encoder and decoder will have the proto file we don't have to
actually pass the field names themselves: in Protobuf we assign codes
to the fields and they will be used to mark where one field ends and another one starts.
Then, while we're at it, we can also use this schema to store the types of the data we store.
This looks good, but with JSON you had ubiquity.
Because it's so simple to parse and generates you can connect pieces written
in different programming languages after all it's just a string.
Protobuf is binary,
so it doesn't really have this advantage of being easily portable on
your own.
So the creators decided to port it themselves by shipping generators
for most popular programming languages.
Here's how it works in our example.
To our java project we add the proto file that contains the definition of the
message and run a task which will generate a java class that we can use to
build our project.
On the Ruby side we can also use the
generator from the same protofile to generate Ruby code.
This code can be used to write and read the protobuf objects so we don't have to write any of the
serialization code ourselves.
And that's it! We have two apps in different
programming languages that can efficiently exchange messages.
In short,
JSON is great when you have small volumes of messages exchanged, when you
want to inspect the data and when your messages are more different among each other.
Protobuf is great when you exchange
high volumes of the same type of message and when performance really matters.
So as a rule of thumb I use JSON if it's something I'm sending to a browser and I
would use protobuf if I want to exchange messages between services.
Actually, Protobuf can take this serialization idea one step further with
gRPC - a way to call other services by sending them messages.
But that's a subject for another video.
Thanks for watching!
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Supermodel - SZA (Acoustic Instrumental) - Duration: 3:10.
I'm writing this letter to let you know I'm really leaving
Leave me lonely for prettier women You know I need too much attention
Ooh just get a load of them They got chemistry
Leave me lonely for prettier women You know I need too much attention
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How To Get Soft And Pink Lips In 5 Minutes | Effectively | Supercasm - Duration: 2:54.
Make your lips pretty pink and soft in two minutes are you feeling shy or
embarrassed of your dark lips there are many reasons that can make your lips
look dull and dark pretty pink lips are an attractive facial feature
particularly for girls and women due to hectic lifestyles you often forget to
take care of your lips which is the most delicate and sensitive skin of your face
but don't worry these home remedies will help make your lips pink and beautiful
naturally exfoliate with a toothbrush one of the best ways to get naturally
pink lips is to regularly exfoliate your lips with a toothbrush all you need to
do is take your soft bristled toothbrush and gently rub your lips using small
circular motions this loss of dead skin on stimulates blood flow to the lips
making them soft and pink olive oil and sugar scrub take a pinch of sugar in a
bowl and add a few drops of olive oil mix it properly and gently rub the
mixture on your lips for 2 to 3 minutes rinse it off with cold water to prevent
dryness apply lip balm this is one of the best remedy to exfoliate your lips
and make your lips pink and removes dry chapped lips do this every alternative
day to make your lips appear smooth and soft key massage gently massage your
lips with a warm ghee or clarified butter for 2 minutes do this before
bedtime leave it to overnight this provides a
natural production to your lips and makes your lips pinkish the red smooth
and beautiful honey massage take a drop of honey on your fingertips and slowly
massage on the lips in a circular motion massage for 2 to 3 minutes and then wash
your lips with lukewarm water honey acts as an excellent natural moisturizer it's
Souda sun maintains the pinkness of your lips the rose petals and milk take some
rose petals and soak the petals in water for a few minutes after it has soaked
completely take off the petals to make a paste of it add one full
spoon off fresh thick milk to the paste mix it properly apply the paste on your
lips and keep it for about 10 to 15 minutes wash your lips with lukewarm water
this exfoliates your lips and helps you to get the soft pink lips Naturally
thank you for watching this video like and subscribe for more videos
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Decent PC + Super low graphics = 100+ FPS? - Duration: 6:36.
So a question a lot of people have been making around the channel as a joke, slowly turned
into a curiosity that has lead into one of the weirdest, most useless video ideas I had
ever tough of.
I have shown plenty of games on super reduced graphics that make them playable and a lot
of low end computers but, for real… what sort of performance do you get when you try
these graphics on a decent system?
One problem tough, believe it or not I did not own any decent external GPU.
Luckily for me, the guys at Bang Good, you might remember as they have sent some review
units for past video ideas, decided to come to my rescue and hook me up with this.
This is a Chinese Onda GTX 1050.
According to Wikipedia this is the weakest of the mid-tier GPUs from Nvidia's current lineup.
If you are interested in checking this out, the link is in the description.
While I have seen this GPU marketed as a "budget" option for modern games, in comparison to
what I usually use this GPU can be represented by this.
So, I am going to combine it with the i5 750 I have used in past videos to create the most
modern system I had ever presented on this channel, which is good enough for purposes
of this experiment.
Great.
Let's get started.
Let's start with Bioshock Infinite, the modern classic, but using the super low graphics
achieved on the video linked in the corner.
Oh dear, I don't think I have ever seen an FPS that high.
Wow.
God, this is fluid!
Well that's for sure, if you got a good monitor, you might actually get a good use
of that.
I mean, this looks BEAUTIFUL and performs somewhere between 100 and- woah!
Look, it dropped to 70, that's too low… and completely unacceptable.
Well, this is something pretty interesting, isn't it?
Next, Skyrim using the super low mod from the video in the corner and with the FPS lock
disabled.
Wow, Holy!
160?!
I didn't expect this game to be overperforming Bioshock.
Hm?
Oh, Ok, that's perfect.
I mean, this isn't too bad….
What the fuck?
Oh ok, huh.
I don't- I don't even know what to say?
Oh, bollocks!
Ah!
It seems to work again.
Woah!
What
the fuck?
Right, oh shit!
Well that was not expected.
And now, super low Payday 2 using the configuration file from this video.
Ok, so this one was curious.
Because this game can get extremely chaotic so I wondered if I can keep it over 100 frames
per second, but yeah, that's clearly something that happened.
Ok, I gotta admit, this is much funner than I expected.
Wow, even with smoke this just drops under 100.
Utterly and completely unplayable.
And of course, I am going to try super low Witcher 3, using the mods in the video in
the corner
Oh god, it's so weird, it's so fluid, so quick.
Now, I was interested to see this one because this is not currently low end friendly and
fair enough it can't even scratch that 100 fps.
Is it just me or this camera moves awfully fast?
It's kinda hard to control.
So this might the only time that you might hear me say something like this but that 70
seems a bit lower than I expected, am I hitting a cpu bottleneck?
… Nope.
It's purely a gpu thing well that's seriously not what I expected.
Guess this gpu is not as strong as I thought.
And finally… let's see just how far we can get on Half Life 2 on the super low graphics
that I tried on the notorious video I did in the corner
Let's see… and go.
We are achieving almost 300 fps! …also, I think I just crashed the game.
Well that was unexpected.
Ok, ok, now we're talking.
300 FPS confirmed now that's…
I expected more.
Oh bloody.
A stable 300 FPS, in fact there might be more, there might be some reason why this game can
only do 300 fps.
Wait, I think I might have figured it out.
Yes, it's limited to 300!
I wonder if…
Oh, we're so close to 1000!
We are- ok, I crashed the game again.
Oh god, well we got close.
Well that's a little bit disappointing.
If we turn to this corner over here we get reeeeeeeally close to 1000 FPS but not quite
breaking it.
Ah that's so unsatisfactory.
Yeah, that is the only time you'll hear me say that less than 1000 FPS it's not
enough.
Thank you to all the people in Patreon who supports me even though I make weird videos
like this one sometimes.
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Rajpal Yadav Best Comedy Scene Ever you Watched | Chup Chup Ke Movie Scene Full HD - Duration: 7:25.
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