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Intro: It is a sunny day today.
You are just walking outside and breathing the fresh warm air into your body and – BAM
suddenly I giant whale flies over you in nice fancy pink dress and fights a giant Robot
with a huge umbrella.
She hits the robot with a big smash attack and the robot gets punched up to the air.
You try to run away from it.
Faster and faster.
BOOM!!
Luckily it was all an exciting visit to a new unique world- out of our universe- the
dream world.
Everybody has experienced dreams.
However – have you ever wondered?
Why we are actually dreaming?
First Question: In today's world, Scientists and Researchers
still don't agree about "why are we dreaming?".
Even with our new advance technology we still could not analyse the meaning and purpose
of dreaming.
All we know now is that after we sleep and dream, we feel better and relaxed.
But thanks to their studies, start with nowadays we can answer the question "How often do
we dream?" – to get closer to the seeking answer.
Researchers found out that we spent 1/3 of our life on sleeping.
If an average person sleeps eight hours per day and if this person is able to celebrate
his 75th birthday-party, he will sleep in his entire life 25 years.
25 years would be 9.125 days.
9.125 days would be 219.000 hours of sleeping.
You could watch the Movie "Forrest Gump" more than 96.000 times or hear the Michael
Jackson Album "Thriller" around 311.000 times.
But some people mention that they don't dream at all during their sleep.
Reason for this is because out of our 1/3 lifetime sleeping, one sizeable chunk of sleep
are dreams.
Thanks to the ground-breaking and famous sleeping research in 1953 – discovered a special
phase during our sleep cycle -the REM phase.
REM stands for rapid eye movements during the sleep.
In our different sleeping cycles during the night, there is a phase where the sleeping
person has rapid eye movements under his closed eyes (called: REM sleep) while the brain remains
active and doesn't shut down.
The researchers also found out that if you wake people up during this REM sleep – 95%
would report they were dreaming something.
If you wake people up during a NREM sleep phase (No REM Sleep) – only 5 to 10% of
the test-subjects reported that they were dreaming.
We can assume that we most likely to dream during the REM phase in our sleeping cycle
which is 20% till 25% out of our whole sleeping time.
75% of our sleep, we will have NREM Sleep – which also means "No Dreaming Sleep".
The REM sleep phase can happen about 4 to 6 times in a normal sleeping schedule – which
also means that we have 4 to 6 dreams per night.
The Dreams length depends on the REM length which can be 1min to 1hour long.
With this knowledge, we can take a closer look at the main developed theories about
"why we are dreaming".
1: Psychoanalytic: Sigmund Freud, a famous well-bearded psychiatrist
explains dreams as a form of wish fulfilment.
When somebody is dreaming, their dreams are representations of their unconscious desires,
wishes and thoughts.
Mostly unique symbols appear in disguise to represent a repressed wish or thought.
These symbols are waiting to be analysed for deeper meanings, to identify a person's
real thoughts and desires.
In contrast to Sigmund Freud's "wish fulfilment Theory", Carl Jung said that dreams are
expressions of unresolved issues.
He thinks that our dreams beware and address about our emotional problems, worries and
fears.
Dreams help us to reveal the parts of our psyche and personality that are out of balance.
With this knowledge, oneself and others are able to help to work on a positive psychological
development and integration on unresolved issues.
But what if dreams are not connected in any way to our inner self?
What if dreams are only a side product from our brain during the night?
2: The Activation-Synthesis: In 1977, a research of brain activity during
dreaming discovered that there are a lot of brain activities during our sleep which means
that the brain does not completely shut down in our sleep and still stays active in a passive
mode.
During the REM sleep phase, specific brain areas are activated which are the amydala
& hippocampus.
Both areas are responsible for our emotions, sensations & memories.
Thanks to this activation, we create feelings and pictures in our mind and the brain tries
to synthesize and interpret these activities.
The result of all this progress is called dreams.
These dreams can be influenced with nearby external stimulation like temperature or sounds.
In dreams, an alarm clock stimulation could transform to a fire engine inside a dream.
According to this theory, dreams don't have a deeper meaning and they are only a side
product of the brain when it tries to create meaning for the random brain activities.
But dreams aren't useless or random.
Dreams are a creative state with mostly nonsense content but also useful ones.
Famous results from dreams are for example the Melody of Paul McCartney Song "Yesterday"
or Albert Einstein's "Theory of Relativity".
Maybe the REM phase of the brain activity has a meaning and is not a completely random
activity.
Let's take a closer look at the next theory which tries to explain the reason behind it.
3.
Reverse Learning: During our day, we get so many stimulations
and information from the outside world in every second such as radio, TV, discussions
with our friends or even just the sounds of nature like twitter.
Everything is recognized and saved in our brain.
Like a hard drive, the brain also has a maximal capacity to save memories.
During our Sleep, especially in our REM sleep, the brain does a form of spring cleaning and
reorganizing of our memories.
It simply throws out unnecessary memories and connects the useful ones together – like
a computer defragmenting itself in offline mode.
As a result, dreams occur in our sleep.
Many people are discouraged about this theory and many other researchers say, rather than
the brain throws unnecessary memories away during dreaming, it tries to consolidate memories
and process information as much as it can.
This leads us to the next theory.
4.
Information Processing and Memory Consolidation: In order to process, the incredible amount
of information which our brain acquires during the day, we need to sleep.
In 2004, psychologists said that our dreams are a by-product of this information processing
during our sleep or even play an active part on it.
The brain does this memory preparing to connect the experience from our day into our long-term
memory.
In 2011, the psychologists even said that the brain is learning during our
sleep by studying the day's stimulations.
Dreams occur as a reflection of this process.
But all in all, this theory has not been proven right or wrong yet and it is a quite unpopular
theory.
In contrast to it, the next theory is a quite popular one among evolutionary psychologists.
5.
Threat Rehearsal and Simulation: In 2007 a research aimed to find out if dreams
practice our survival skills, or not.
So, they developed an experiment with rats.
A rat was put in box full of water with a tiny surface.
The rat could barely stand on this tiny surface, but when it was tired and fell asleep; the
rat fell into the water and woke up again and climbed back on the surface.
After several days, the rat was tested for its surviving technique by letting it chased
from a cat.
The result was that it did not behave in the best way to survive, like a rat which could
sleep with no issues.
The reason for the bad surviving performing of the rat is that it was deprived of its
REM sleep.
The REM sleep is the main phase in which we dreaming.
And due to this theory, they assume that dreams are a theatre to practice our survival situations
which we might need one day.
This "practice" was stolen from the rat because it couldn't have any REM sleep - no
dreaming practice.
To apply this to us, humans, it also explains why we mostly have nightmares in form of chasing
and attacking dreams.
In our dreams, we want to practice this chasing situation when we really might need it one
day for surviving a life-threatening situation.
We learn how to handle our fear and anger in this kind of situation.
In 2000, Finnish psychologist has found out that we have 300-1000 nightmares per year.
He also stated that threatening dreams and nightmares are the most common dreams of us
humans.
This theory is a really popular theory because it sees dreams as an evolutionary process.
Dreaming was essential in the ancestral times with predators, other hunters and nature catastrophes.
It prepared our ancestors for daily survival and was therefore evolutionary success throughout
these years.
But sometimes, we have calm and relaxing dreams other than so emotional ones and this theory
doesn't include them.
Let's take a closer look to the next one.
6.
Problem Solving Theory: Researchers found out that we solve problems
which occur during the daily activities better if we just sleep over it and try to solve
it on the next day.
Sleeping and dreaming helps to clear the problems, especially after our REM sleep.
Our brain has so much information and knowledge saved which can't directly be accessed.
While we sleep and dream about the problem, our brain refreshes its information and we
see new ways to solve our questions and problems from the day.
Many people experienced this situation.
For instance, you talked with a friend about somebody but you both can't remember the
name of this person.
On the next day, you suddenly remember the name and you tell it to your friend.
Dreams do not only solve simple tasks and problems.
It can also be a healing therapy for people who have more psychological problems such
as dramatic childhood, painful memories or a shocking
situation.
7.
Eases Painful Memories: In a research in 2011, researchers found out
that sleep can help to ease painful memories.
During our dreaming phase, the brain activates the chemical changes which reconnect our memories
to our mind.
Due to this reconnection of our memories, heavily emotional experiences get softened
about their emotional strength during that time.
You can experience this dreaming phenomenon when you go to sleep really upset.
It is sometimes really hard to fall asleep during emotional imbalance but when you finally
do, you will wake up with a better feeling and more relaxed mindset.
Our dreams can also be far more spiritual and out of our world.
Which leads us to our final theory.
8.
Religious Interpretations: Throughout the entire world, people believe
in different ways about our existence on the earth.
In consequence, people may choose to believe in an only God, multiple Gods, or they may
not prefer to believe in any.
In most of the religions, dreams play an important role about spiritual communication.
Some religions believe that dreams are predicting the future, while others believe that dreams
are a place between human and god to experience meaningful connections.
People are able to communicate with god and receive answers while dreaming or have good
visions dreams thanks to God.
9.
Conclusion: With all these dreaming theories, no single
dreaming theory can help to reach a consensus due to personal preferences.
Some people like the idea that dreams train your survival skills while others prefer dreaming
as a gate to connect to the spiritual world.
Therefore, everybody may choose their favourite theory or none but we can all agree that dreams
have something magical and mysterious in themselves and they are not completely random.
Our ancestors already tried to find the meaning of our dreams and we are still trying to understand
them today.
Although our advance technology brought us a little bit closer to the seeking answer,
we are still on a long way to solve the question "Why do we dream".
Maybe we will never solve the mystery of dreams.
But the solving does not matter because exploring dreams bring excitement in itself.
Dreams are beautiful, frightening, strange and spiritual.
They are a part of us which makes us the person who we are today.
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